• Source: 17th century in philosophy

This is a timeline of philosophy in the 17th century.




Events



1600 – Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, poet, alchemist, astronomer, cosmological theorist, and esotericist was burned alive at Campo de' Fiori in Rome after being convicted of heresy.
1611 – The first Accademia dei Lincei is founded by Federico Cesi, which holds discussions that reject the traditional Aristotelian framework.
1620 – The establishment of Francis Bacon’s scientific method prompts reevaluation of empirical evidence in philosophy.
1633 – The Roman Inquisition finds Galileo “vehemently suspect of heresy" after he defended heliocentricism, challenging traditional Aristotelian cosmology.
1641 – René Descartes formulates the mind-body problem in his publication, Meditations on First Philosophy.
1643 – Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia and René Descartes correspond about their differing views on mind, soul, and immortality.
1649 – Christina, Queen of Sweden invites René Descartes to educate her in his philosophical views, particularly his insight into Catholicism.
1653 – Blaise Pascal has a spiritual vision of fire that convinces him of God's presence, which leads to him dedicating the rest of his life to theological and philosophical interests.
1656 – Portuguese-Jewish philosopher Baruch Spinoza is excommunicated from the Portuguese-Jewish community in Amsterdam after questioning rabbinic authority.
1660 – The Royal Society in the United Kingdom establishes after 12 natural philosophers at Gresham College decide to commence a "Colledge for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning.”
1668 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz took up a diplomatic position in Mainz, which exposed him to an extensive range of philosophical thought and would lead to a prolific era of philosophical production for him.
1670 – Pascal's wager is introduced, causing philosophers to analyze the rationality behind belief in God based on cost-benefit analysis.
1687 – Isaac Newton's Principia demonstrates that the universe operates around rational, discoverable laws, supporting the rise of empiricism and rationalism.




Publications


Monita Politico-Moralia et Icon Ingeniorum by Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro
Dissertatio, de Ingenii Muliebris ad Doctrinam, & meliores Litteras Aptitudine by Anna Maria von Shurman
Quaestiones Quodlibeticae by Arnold Geulincx
Logica fundamentis suis restituta by Arnold Geulincx
Methodus inveniendi argumenta by Arnold Geulincx
De virtute by Arnold Geulincx
Opera philosophica by Arnold Geulincx
La logique, ou l'art de penser by Antonie Arnauld and Pierre Nicole
Grammaire générale et raisonnée by Antonie Arnauld and Claude Lancelot
Ethics by Baruch Spinoza
Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione by Baruch Spinoza
Principia philosophiae cartesianae by Baruch Spinoza
Tractatus Theologico-Politicus by Baruch Spinoza
Court Traité Sur Dieu by Baruch Spinoza
Pensées by Blaise Pascal
Trois discours sur la condition des grands by Blaise Pascal
Discours sur les passions de l'amour by Blaise Pascal
A Cabbalistical Dialogue by Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont
Discours de Métaphysique by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Brevis Demonstratio Erroris Memorabilis Cartesii et Aliorum Circa Legem Naturae by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Divine Dialogues by Henry More
Philosophical Poems by Henry More
Psychodoia Platonica: or, a Platonicall Song of the Soul by Henry More
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica by Issac Newton
Certamen Philosophicum Propugnatæ Veritatis Divinæ ac Naturalis Adversus J. Bredenburgi Principia by Isaac Orobio de Castro
Disputatio theologica practica de conscientia by Johannes Clausberg
Two Treatises of Government by John Locke
Epistola de tolerantia by John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke
Tenure of Kings and Magistrates by John Milton
An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language by John Wilkins
The Nature of Bodies by Kenelm Digby
On the Immortality of Reasonable Souls by Kenelm Digby
Observations upon Experimental Philosophy by Margaret Cavendish
Grounds of Natural Philosophy by Margaret Cavendish
Philosophical Letters by Margaret Cavendish
Some Reflections Upon Marriage by Mary Astell
Animadversiones by Pierre Gassendi
Exercitationes by Pierre Gassendi
Syntagma philosophicum by Pierre Gassendi
Dasbodh by Samarth Ramdas
Les Passions de l'âme by René Descartes
Discours de la Méthode by René Descartes
Meditationes de Prima Philosophia by René Descartes
L’Homme by René Descartes
Meditationes de Prima Philosophia by René Descartes
Considérations sur l'état présent de la controverse touchant le T. S. Sacrement de l'autel by Robert Desgabets
Discours de la communication ou transfusion du sang by Robert Desgabets
Critique de la critique de la Recherche de la vérité by Robert Desgabets
Traité de l’indéfectibilité des créatures by Robert Desgabets
Supplément à la philosophie de M. Descartes by Robert Desgabets
Guide de la raison naturelle by Robert Desgabets
Traité de l’union de l’âme et du corps by Robert Desgabets
De legibus naturae by Richard Cumberland
Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes
De Cive by Thomas Hobbes
De Corpore by Thomas Hobbes
De Motu, Loco et Tempore by Thomas Hobbes
The Horae Subsecivae by Thomas Hobbes
Elementorum Philosophiae Sectio Secunda De Homine by Thomas Hobbes
Problematica Physica by Thomas Hobbes
Of Liberty and Necessity by Thomas Hobbes and John Bramhall




Births


1600 – Elizabeth Foxcroft, English theosophist.
1601 – Baltasar Gracián, Spanish Jesuit and Baroque prose writer and philosopher.
1602 – William Chillingworth, English churchman.
1602 – Bartholomew Mastrius, Italian Conventual Franciscan philosopher and theologian.
1602 – Athanasius Kircher, German Jesuit scholar and polymath.
1603 – Kenelm Digby, English courtier, diplomat, and natural philosopher.
1603/04 – Issac Cardoso, Sephardic Jewish physician, philosopher, and polemic writer.
1603/04 – Anandghan, Śvetāmbara Jain monk, mystical poet and hymnist.
1605 – Thomas Browne, English polymath.
1606 – Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri, Indian natural philosopher and astronomer.
1607 – Francesco Sforza Pallavicino, Italian cardinal, philosopher, theologian, literary theorist, and church historian.
1607 – Anna Maria van Schurman, Dutch painter, engraver, poet, classical scholar, philosopher, and feminist writer.
1608 – Samarth Ramdas, Indian Hindu saint, philosopher, poet, writer, and spiritual master.
1609 – Kâtip Çelebi, Turkish polymath.
1610 – Robert Desgabets, French Cartesian philosopher and Benedictine prior.
1610 – Huang Zongxi, Chinese naturalist, political theorist, philosopher, and soldier.
1612 – Antoine Arnauld, French Catholic theologian, philosopher, and mathematician.
1614 – Henry More, English philosopher.
1614 – John Wilkins, English Anglican clergyman, natural philosopher, and author.
1614 – Franciscus Mercurius van Helmon, Flemish alchemist and writer.
1617 – Ralph Cudworth, English Anglican clergyman, Christian Hebraist, classicist, theologian, and philosopher.
1617 – Isaac Orobio de Castro, Portuguese Jewish philosopher, physician, and religious apologist.
1617 – Tito Livio Burattini, Italian inventor, architect, Egyptologist, scientist, instrument-maker, traveller, engineer, and nobleman.
1618 – Jacques Rohault, French philosopher, physicist, and mathematician.
1618 – John Smith, English philosopher, theologian, and educator.
1619 – Walter Charleton, English natural philosopher and writer.
1619 – Nathaniel Culverwell, English author and theologian.
1620 – Claude Frassen, French Franciscan Scotist theologian and philosopher.
1620 - François Bernier, French physician and traveller.
1622 – Johannes Clauberg, German theologian and philosopher.
1623 – Margaret Cavendish, English philosopher, poet, scientist, fiction writer, and playwright.
1623 – Blaise Pascal, French physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer.
1623 – William Petty, English economist, physician, scientist, and philosopher.
1623 – Arnold Geulincx, Flemish philosopher, metaphysician, and logician.
1626 – Géraud de Cordemoy, French philosopher, historian, and lawyer.
1626 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor.
1625 – Francesco D'Andrea, Italian jurist and natural philosopher.
1627 – Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist, and inventor.
1627 – Hugh Binning, Scottish philosopher and theologian.
1627 – Itō Jinsai, Japanese Confucian philosopher.
1630 – Pierre Daniel Huet, French churchman, scholar, editor, and Bishop of Soissons.
1630 – Kaibara Ekken, Japanese Neo-Confucianist philosopher and botanist.
1631 – Richard Cumberland, English philosopher and Bishop of Peterborough.
1631 – Ann Conway, English philosopher.
1632 – John Locke, English philosopher and physician.
1632 – Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher, theologian, author, and political scientist.
1632 – Louis de La Forge, French philosopher.
1632 – Pierre-Sylvain Régis, French philosopher.
1633 – Walda Heywat, Ethiopian philosopher.
1634 – Balthasar Bekker, Dutch minister, philosopher, and theologian.
1635 – Yan Yuan, Chinese classicist, essayist, and philosopher.
1636 – Joseph Glanvill, English philosopher and clergyman.
1637/38 – Richard Burthogge, physician, magistrate, and philosopher.
1638 – Nicolas Malebranche, French Oratorian Catholic priest and rationalist philosopher.
1642 – Isaac Newton, English polymath.
1644 – Simon Foucher, French polemic philosopher.
1646 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Italian philosopher.
1647 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher, author, and lexicographer.
1649 – Samuel Bold, English clergyman and controversialist.
1649 – Samuel Johnson, English clergyman and political writer.
1650 – Michelangelo Fardella, Italian scientist and mathematician.
1655 – Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher.
1657 – John Norris, English philosopher, theologian, and poet.
1657 – Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, French author and philosopher.
1659 – Damaris Cudworth Masham, English writer, philosopher, theologian, and proto-feminist.
1659 – William Wollaston, English teacher, priest, scholar, theologian, and philosopher.
1661 – René-Joseph de Tournemine, French Jesuit philosopher and theologian.
1661 – Claude Buffier, French philosopher, historian, and teacher.
1662 – Francesco Bianchini, Italian philosopher and scientist.
1663 – Jean-Pierre de Crousaz, Swiss theologian and philosopher.
1665 – Ingeborg i Mjärhult, Swedish natural healer, natural philosopher, soothsayer and spiritual visionary.
1665 – Richard Bentley, English classical scholar, critic, and theologian.
1665 – Peter Browne, Irish Anglican priest.
1666 – Ogyū Sorai, Japanese historian, philologist, philosopher, and translator.
1666 – Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh Guru, warrior, poet, and philosopher.
1668 – Giambattista Vico, Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist.
1668 – Tommaso Campailla, Italian philosopher, physician, politician and poet.
1670 – Bernard Mandeville, Anglo-Dutch philosopher, political economist, satirist, writer and physician.
1671 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, English peer, Whig politician, philosopher, and writer.
1671 – Luigi Guido Grandi, Italian monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer.
1672 – Gershom Carmichael, Scottish philosopher.
1675 – Samuel Clarke, English philosopher and Anglican cleric.
1675 – Yves Marie André, French Jesuit mathematician, philosopher, and essayist.
1676 – Anthony Collins, English philosopher and essayist.
1676 – Pietro Giannone, Italian philosopher, historian, and jurist.
1677 – Antonio Schinella Conti, Italian writer, translator, mathematician, philosopher, and physicist.
1678 – Robert Greene, English philosopher.
1679 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher.
1679 – Firmin Abauzit, French philosopher.
1679 – Catharine Trotter Cockburn, English novelist, dramatist, and philosopher.
1679 – Anthony Collins, English philosopher and essayist.
1680 – Arthur Collier, English Anglican priest and philosopher.
1683 – John Theophilus Desaguliers, French-born English natural philosopher, clergyman, engineer and freemason.
1685 – George Berkeley, Anglo-Irish philosopher.
1686 – John Balguy, English divine and philosopher.
1689 – Montesquieu, French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher.
1692 – Joseph Butler, English Anglican bishop, theologian, apologist, and philosopher.
1692 – Francesco Maria Zanotti, Italian philosopher and writer.
1694 – Francis Hutcheson, Irish philosopher.
1694 – Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist, political philosopher, economist, and historian.
1696 – Voltaire, French Enlightenment writer, philosopher, satirist, and historian.
1696 – Henry Home, Lord Kames, Scottish writer, philosopher, and judge.
1698 – Alberto Radicati, Italian historian, philosopher and free-thinker.
1699 – Jacopo Stellini, Italian abbot, polymath writer, and philosopher.




Deaths


1600 – Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, poet, alchemist, astronomer, cosmological theorist, and esotericist.
1624/25 – Ahmad Sirhindi, Indian Islamic scholar, Hanafi jurist, and member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order.
1635/40 – Mulla Sadra, Persian Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher, theologian, and ‘Ālim.
1642 – Galileo Galilei, Italian polymath.
1644 – William Chillingworth, English churchman.
1649 – Caspar Schoppe, German catholic controversialist and scholar.
1651 – Nathaniel Culverwell, English author and theologian.
1652 – John Smith, English philosopher, theologian, and educator.
1653 – Hugh Binning, Scottish philosopher and theologian.
1657 – Kâtip Çelebi, Turkish polymath.
1658 – Baltasar Gracián, Spanish Jesuit and Baroque prose writer and philosopher.
1662 – Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and philosopher.
1665 – Kenelm Digby, English courtier, diplomat and natural philosopher.
1665 – Johannes Clauberg, German theologian and philosopher.
1667 – Francesco Sforza Pallavicino, Italian cardinal, philosopher, theologian, literary theorist, and church historian.
1672 – Jacques Rohault, French philosopher, physicist, and mathematician.
1672 – John Wilkins, English Anglican clergyman, natural philosopher, and author.
1673 – Margaret Cavendish, English philosopher, poet, scientist, fiction writer, and playwright.
1675 – Emanuele Tesauro, Italian philosopher, rhetorician, literary theorist, dramatist, Marinist poet, and historian.
1677 – Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher.
1678 – Anna Maria van Schurman, Dutch painter, engraver, poet, classical scholar, philosopher, and feminist writer.
1678 – Robert Desgabets, French Cartesian philosopher and Benedictine prior.
1679 – Elizabeth Foxcroft, English theosophist.
1679 – Ann Conway, English philosopher.
1679 – Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher.
1680 – Athanasius Kircher, German Jesuit scholar and polymath.
1681 – Tito Livio Burattini, Italian inventor, architect, Egyptologist, scientist, instrument-maker, traveller, engineer, and nobleman.
1687 – Thomas Browne, English polymath.
1687 – Isaac Orobio de Castro, Portuguese Jewish philosopher, physician, and religious apologist.
1687 – Henry More, English philosopher.
1687 – William Petty, English economist, physician, scientist, and philosopher.
1688 – Ralph Cudworth, English Anglican clergyman, Christian Hebraist, classicist, theologian, and philosopher.
1688 – François Bernier, French physician and traveller.
1694 – Antoine Arnauld, French Catholic theologian, philosopher, and mathematician.
1695 – Huang Zongxi, Chinese naturalist, political theorist, philosopher, and soldier.
1696 – Simon Foucher, French polemic philosopher.
1698 – Franciscus Mercurius van Helmon, Flemish alchemist and writer.
1699 – Edward Stillingfleet, English Christian theologian and scholar.




See also


List of centuries in philosophy
Age of Enlightenment




References






Further reading


Daniel Garber and Michael Ayers (eds). The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-century Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 1998. First paperback edition. 2003. Volume 2.
Dan Kaufman (ed). The Routledge Companion to Seventeenth Century Philosophy. 2017. Google Books.
Stuart Hampshire. The Master Philosophers: The Age of Reason: The 17th Century Philosophers. A Meridian Classic. New American Library. Meridian Books. Reprint. 1993. Google Books.
Peter R Anstey (ed). The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century. 2013. Google Books.
Wiep Van Bunge. From Stevin to Spinoza: An Essay on Philosophy in the Seventeenth-Century Dutch Republic. Brill. Leiden, Boston, Koln. 2001. Google Books
José R Maia Neto. Academic Skepticism in Seventeenth-Century French Philosophy: The Charronian Legacy 1601–1662. (International Archives of the History of Ideas 215). Springer. 2014. Google Books.
G A J Rogers, Tom Sorell and Jill Kraye (eds). Insiders and Outsiders in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. Taylor and Francis e-Library. 2009. Routledge. 2010. Google Books.
Ross Harrison. Hobbes, Locke, and Confusion's Masterpiece: An Examination of Seventeenth Political Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 2003. Google Books
Tom Sorell, G A J Rogers, Jill Kraye (eds) Scientia in Early Modern Philosophy: Seventeenth-Century Thinkers on Demonstrative Knowledge from First Principles. (Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 24). Springer. 2010. Google Books.
Susan James. Passion and Action: The Emotions in Seventeenth-century Philosophy. Clarendon Press. Reprinted 1999. Google Books.
Jacqueline Broad. Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge University Press. 2003. Google Books.
Henry Hallam. Introduction to the Literature of Europe, in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries. John Murray. Ablemarle Street, London. 1839. Volume 4. Chapter 3 ("History of Speculative Philosophy from 1650 to 1700"). Page 182 et seq.

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