- Source: 27th United States Congress
The 27th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., between March 4, 1841, and March 4, 1843, during the one-month presidency of William Henry Harrison and the first two years of the presidency of his successor, John Tyler. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1830 United States census. Both chambers had a Whig majority, making the 27th Congress the only Whig-controlled Congress of the Second Party System.
Major events
March 4, 1841: William Henry Harrison was inaugurated as President of the United States
April 4, 1841: President Harrison died and Vice President John Tyler became President
August 16, 1841: President Tyler's veto of a bill to re-establish the Second Bank of the United States led Whig Party members to riot outside the White House in the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in U.S. history.
May 19, 1842: Dorr Rebellion
December 17, 1842: Samuel W. Trotti of South Carolina, became the first Italian American to serve in Congress.
Major legislation
April 19, 1841: Bankruptcy Act of 1841, ch. 9, 5 Stat. 440
September 4, 1841: Preemption Act of 1841, ch. 16, 5 Stat. 453
August 4, 1842: Armed Occupation Act, 5 Stat. 502
August 30, 1842: Tariff of 1842 ("Black Tariff"), ch. 270, 5 Stat. 548
Treaties
August 9, 1842: Webster-Ashburton Treaty signed, establishing the United States–Canada border east of the Rocky Mountains.
Party summary
= Senate
== House of Representatives
=Leadership
= Senate
=President: John Tyler (W), until April 4, 1841, thereafter vacant
Presidents pro tempore: William R. King (D), elected March 4, 1841
Samuel L. Southard (W), elected March 11, 1841
Willie P. Mangum (W), elected May 31, 1842
= House of Representatives
=Speaker: John D. White (W)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Skip to House of Representatives, below
= Senate
=Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1844; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1846; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1842.
= House of Representatives
=Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
= Senate
=Replacements: 9
Democrats: no net change
Whigs: no net change
Deaths: 2
Resignations: 8
Interim appointments: 0
Vacancy: 1
Total seats with changes: 10
= House of Representatives
=Replacements: 17
Democrats: 3 seat net gain
Whigs: 3 seat net loss
Deaths: 8
Resignations: 12
Contested election: 1
Total seats with changes: 20
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
= Senate
=Agriculture (Chairman: Lewis F. Linn)
Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Albert S. White then Benjamin Tappan)
Claims (Chairman: William A. Graham)
Commerce (Chairman: Jabez Huntington)
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Richard H. Bayard)
Finance (Chairman: Clement C. Clay)
Fiscal Corporation of the United States (Select)
Foreign Relations (Chairman: William C. Rives then William S. Archer)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: James T. Morehead then Albert White)
Judiciary (Chairman: John M. Berrien)
Manufactures (Chairman: George Evans)
Military Affairs (Chairman: William C. Preston then John J. Crittenden)
Militia (Chairman: Samuel S. Phelps)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Willie P. Mangum)
Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: Samuel Prentiss then John Leeds Kerr then Samuel S. Phelps)
Pensions (Chairman: Isaac C. Bates)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Henderson)
Printing (Chairman: N/A)
Private Land Claims (Chairman: Richard H. Bayard)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Alexander Barrow)
Public Lands (Chairman: Oliver H. Smith)
Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Nathan F. Dixon)
Roads and Canals (Chairman: Augustus S. Porter)
Tariff Regulation (Select)
Whole
= House of Representatives
=Accounts (Chairman: Osmyn Baker)
Agriculture (Chairman: Edmund Deberry)
Apportionment of Representatives (Select)
Claims (Chairman: Joshua Giddings)
Commerce (Chairman: John P. Kennedy)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph R. Underwood)
Elections (Chairman: William Halstead)
Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Thomas Jones Yorke)
Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Joshua A. Lowell)
Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: John Van Buren)
Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: A. Lawrence Foster)
Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: James Iver McKay)
Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Cave Johnson)
Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Caleb Cushing then John Quincy Adams)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: John Quincy Adams)
Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Calvary Morris)
Judiciary (Chairman: Daniel D. Barnard)
Manufactures (Chairman: Leverett Saltonstall I)
Memorial of the Agricultural Bank of Mississippi (Select)
Mileage (Chairman: Thomas W. Williams)
Military Affairs (Chairman: William C. Dawson)
Militia (Chairman: George May Keim)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Henry A. Wise)
Patents (Chairman: Thomas B. Osborne)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: George N. Briggs)
Private Land Claims (Chairman: John Moore)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: William W. Boardman)
Public Expenditures (Chairman: James Graham)
Public Lands (Chairman: William C. Johnson then Jeremiah Morrow then Reuben Chapman then Jeremiah Morrow)
Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Francis James)
Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Hiland Hall)
Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: John Taliaferro)
Roads and Canals (Chairman: Joseph Lawrence)
Rules (Select)
Standards of Official Conduct
Territories (Chairman: Garrett Davis)
Ways and Means (Chairman: Millard Fillmore)
Whole
= Joint committees
=Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. Augustus Porter then Sen. William Sprague)
The Library (Chairman: N/A)
Employees
Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan
= Senate
=Secretary: Asbury Dickins
Sergeant at Arms: Stephen Haight, until March 8, 1841
Edward Dyer, elected March 8, 1841
Chaplain: George G. Cookman, Methodist, until June 12, 1841
Septimus Tustin, Presbyterian, elected June 12, 1841
= House of Representatives
=Clerk: Hugh A. Garland, until May 31, 1841
Matthew St. Clair Clarke, elected May 31, 1841
Sergeant at Arms: Roderick Dorsey, until June 8, 1841
Eleazor M. Townsend, elected June 8, 1841
Doorkeeper: Joseph Follansbee
Postmaster: William J. McCormick
Chaplain: John W. French, Episcopalian, elected May 31, 1841
John N. Maffit, Methodist, elected December 6, 1841
Frederick T. Tiffany, Episcopalian, elected December 5, 1842
Reading Clerks: [data missing]
See also
1840 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
1840 United States presidential election
1840–41 United States Senate elections
1840–41 United States House of Representatives elections
1842 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
1842–43 United States Senate elections
1842–43 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes
References
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Congressional Directory for the 27th Congress, 1st Session. 1841.
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- 1840 United States elections
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