- Source: 71st United States Congress
The 71st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislature of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1929, to March 4, 1931, during the first two years of Herbert Hoover's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.
Both the House and Senate remained under Republican control, with increased majorities in each chamber. And with Herbert Hoover being sworn in as president on March 4, 1929, the Republicans maintained an overall federal government trifecta.
The 71st Congress also featured the most special elections of any Congress with 27 in all.
Major events
March 4, 1929: Herbert C. Hoover became President of the United States
October 24, 1929 – October 29, 1929: Wall Street Crash of 1929: Three multi-digit percentage drops wipe out more than $30 billion from the New York Stock Exchange (3 times greater than the annual budget of the federal government).
October 25, 1929: Former U.S. Interior Secretary Albert B. Fall is convicted of bribery for his role in the Teapot Dome scandal, becoming the first Presidential cabinet member to go to prison for actions in office.
Major legislation
June 15, 1929: Agriculture Marketing Act, ch. 24, 46 Stat. 11
June 18, 1929: Reapportionment Act of 1929, ch. 28, 46 Stat. 21
May 14, 1930: Federal Bureau of Prisons Act, ch. 274, 46 Stat. 325
June 17, 1930: Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act, ch. 497, 46 Stat. 590, (including: Title III, Plant Patent Act, 46 Stat. 703)
July 3, 1930: Veterans Administration Act, ch. 863, 46 Stat. 1016
March 3, 1931: Davis–Bacon Act, ch. 411, 46 Stat. 1494
March 3, 1931: An Act To make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America, ch. 436, 46 Stat. 1508
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
= Senate
=
= House of Representatives
=
Leadership
= Senate
=
President: Charles Curtis (R)
President pro tempore: George H. Moses (R)
Majority leader: James E. Watson (R)
Minority leader: Joseph T. Robinson (D)
Majority whip: Simeon D. Fess (R)
Minority whip: Morris Sheppard (D)
Republican Conference Secretary: Frederick Hale
Democratic Caucus Secretary: Hugo Black
= House of Representatives
=
Speaker: Nicholas Longworth (R)
Majority leader: John Q. Tilson (R)
Minority leader: John N. Garner (D)
Majority Whip: Albert Henry Vestal (R)
Minority Whip: John McDuffie (D)
Republican Conference Chair: Willis C. Hawley
Democratic Caucus Chairman: David Hayes Kincheloe
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Byrns Sr.
Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: William R. Wood
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
= Senate
=
Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1934; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1930; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1932.
= House of Representatives
=
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their districts.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
= Senate
=
Replacements: 15
Democratic: 3-seat net gain
Republican: 1-seat net loss
Deaths: 5
Resignations: 3
Interim appointments: 6
Total seats with changes: 9
= House of Representatives
=
Replacements: 27
Democratic: 4 seat net gain
Republican: 3 seat net loss
Deaths: 25
Resignations: 6
Contested election: 1
Total seats with changes: 32
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
= Joint committees
=
Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
The Library (Chairman: Sen. Simeon D. Fess)
Printing (Chairman: Sen. George H. Moses then Duncan U. Fletcher; Vice Chairman: Rep. Edgar R. Kiess)
Taxation (Chairman: Rep. Willis C. Hawley)
Veterans' Affairs
Caucuses
Democratic (House)
Democratic (Senate)
Officers
= Legislative branch agency directors
=
Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn
Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver
Comptroller General of the United States: John R. McCarl
Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam
Public Printer of the United States: George H. Carter
= Senate
=
Secretary: Edwin P. Thayer
Sergeant at Arms: David S. Barry
Librarian: Edward C. Goodwin
Chaplain: ZeBarney T. Phillips (Episcopalian)
Democratic Party Secretary: Edwin A. Halsey, from 1929
Republican Party Secretary: Carl A. Loeffler, from 1929
= House of Representatives
=
Clerk: William T. Page
Sergeant at Arms: Joseph G. Rodgers
Doorkeeper: Bert W. Kennedy
Postmaster: Frank W. Collier
Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan (D) and Alney E. Chaffee (R)
Chaplain: James S. Montgomery (Methodist)
See also
1928 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
1928 United States presidential election
1928 United States Senate elections
1928 United States House of Representatives elections
1930 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
1930 United States Senate elections
1930 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes
References
Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
"Official Congressional Directory for the 71st Congress, 1st Session". Congressional Directory. 1929/1931- : S. Pub. 1887.
Official Congressional Directory for the 71st Congress, 2nd Session. 1929.
Official Congressional Directory for the 71st Congress, 2nd Session (Revision). 1930.
Official Congressional Directory for the 71st Congress, 3rd Session. 1930.
Official Congressional Directory for the 71st Congress, 3rd Session (Revision). 1931.
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