- Source: 7th United States Congress
The 7th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1801, to March 4, 1803, during the first two years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1790 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority, except when the Senate held a two-day Special Senate session in order to attend Jefferson’s inauguration, when there was still a Federalist majority in the Senate.
Major events
March 4, 1801: Thomas Jefferson became President of the United States.
May 10, 1801: The pascha of Tripoli declared war on United States by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down
March 16, 1802: West Point established
February 24, 1803: First time an Act of Congress was declared unconstitutional: U.S. Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison
Major legislation
April 29, 1802: Judiciary Act of 1802, ch. 31, 2 Stat. 156
April 30, 1802: Enabling Act of 1802, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173
States admitted
Ohio was admitted as a state, having previously been a portion of the Northwest Territory. The exact date is unclear and in dispute, but it is undisputed that it was during this Congress. The official date when Ohio became a state was not set until 1953, when the 83rd U.S. Congress passed legislation retrospectively designating the date of the first meeting of the Ohio state legislature, March 1, 1803, as that date. However, on April 30, 1802, the 7th U.S. Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union." (Sess. 1, ch. 40, 2 Stat. 173) On February 19, 1803, the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio." (Sess. 2, ch. 7, 2 Stat. 201) The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress states that Ohio was admitted to the Union on November 29, 1802, and counts its seats as vacant from that date.
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
= Senate
=The Federalists still controlled the Senate when they held a two-day special Senate session in March 1801, which was called by outgoing President John Adams so that the Senate could provide advice to the new President Thomas Jefferson, but by the time Congress began its first regular session in December 1801 to start official business, the Democratic-Republicans had gained Senate control.
= House of Representatives
=Leadership
= Senate
=President: Aaron Burr (DR)
President pro tempore: Abraham Baldwin (DR), first elected December 7, 1801
Stephen R. Bradley (DR), first elected December 14, 1802
= House of Representatives
=Speaker: Nathaniel Macon, (DR), elected December 7, 1801
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
= Senate
=Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1802; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1804; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1806.
= House of Representatives
=The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
= Senate
=There was 1 death, 8 resignations, and 2 seats added for a new state.
= House of Representatives
=Replacements: 8
Democratic-Republicans: no net change
Federalists: no net change
Deaths: 1
Resignations: 9
Forfeiture: 1
Vacancy: 1
Total seats with changes: 11
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
= Senate
=Whole
= House of Representatives
=Claims (Chairman: John C. Smith)
Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Samuel Smith)
Elections (Chairman: John Milledge then John Bacon)
Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John Davenport)
Rules (Select)
Standards of Official Conduct (Chairman: N/A)
Ways and Means (Chairman: John Randolph)
Whole
= Joint committees
=Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Dwight Foster)
Officers
= Legislative branch agency directors
=Architect of the Capitol: William Thornton
Librarian of Congress: John J. Beckley, from 1802
= Senate
=Chaplain: Thomas J. Claggett (Episcopalian), until December 9, 1801
Edward Gantt (Episcopalian), elected December 9, 1801
Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
Doorkeeper: James Mathers
= House of Representatives
=Chaplain: Thomas Lyell (Methodist), until December 10, 1801
William Parkinson (Baptist), elected December 10, 1801
Clerk: John Holt Oswald, until December 7, 1801
John Beckley, elected December 7, 1801
Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
Reading Clerks: [data missing]
Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton
See also
1800 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
1800 United States presidential election
1800–01 United States Senate elections
1800–01 United States House of Representatives elections
1802 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
1802–03 United States Senate elections
1802–03 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes
References
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: House History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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