• Source: Anthemius of Tralles

Anthemius of Tralles (‹See Tfd›Greek: Ἀνθέμιος ὁ Τραλλιανός, Medieval Greek: [anˈθemios o traliaˈnos], Anthémios o Trallianós; c. 474 – 533 x 558) was a Byzantine Greek from Tralles who worked as a geometer and architect in Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. With Isidore of Miletus, he designed the Hagia Sophia for Justinian I.




Life


Anthemius was one of the five sons of Stephanus of Tralles, a physician. His brothers were Dioscorus, Alexander, Olympius, and Metrodorus. Dioscorus followed his father's profession in Tralles; Alexander did so in Rome and became one of the most celebrated medical men of his time; Olympius became a noted lawyer; and Metrodorus worked as a grammarian in Constantinople.
Anthemius was said to have annoyed his neighbor Zeno in two ways: first, by engineering a miniature earthquake by sending steam through leather tubes he had fixed among the joists and flooring of Zeno's parlor while he was entertaining friends and, second, by simulating thunder and lightning and flashing intolerable light into Zeno's eyes from a slightly hollowed mirror. In addition to his familiarity with steam, some dubious authorities credited Anthemius with a knowledge of gunpowder or other explosive compound.




Mathematics


Anthemius was a capable mathematician. In the course of his treatise On Burning Mirrors, he intended to facilitate the construction of surfaces to reflect light to a single point, he described the string construction of the ellipse and assumed a property of ellipses not found in Apollonius of Perga's Conics: the equality of the angles subtended at a focus by two tangents drawn from a point. His work also includes the first practical use of the directrix: having given the focus and a double ordinate, he used the focus and directrix to obtain any number of points on a parabola. This work was later known to Arab mathematicians such as Alhazen.
Eutocius of Ascalon's commentary on Apollonius's Conics was dedicated to Anthemius.




Architecture



As an architect, Anthemius is best known for his work designing the Hagia Sophia. He was commissioned with Isidore of Miletus by Justinian I shortly after the earlier church on the site burned down in 532 but died early on in the project. He is also said to have repaired the flood defenses at Daras.




Editions of On Burning-Glasses


Dupuy, L. (1777), Περί παραδόξων μηχανημάτων [Perí Paradóxōn Mēkhanēmátōn; Concerning Wondrous Machines] (in Greek)
Histoire de l'Academie des Instrumentistes (in French), vol. XLII
Westermann, A. (1839), Παραδοξογράφοι [Paradoxográphoi; Marvel-Writers] (in Greek)




Notes






References


Heath, Thomas Little (1911), "Anthemius" , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 93
Huxley, G. L. (1959), Anthemius of Tralles: A Study in Later Greek Geometry, Cambridge, MA, pp. 8–9, LCCN 59-14700{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Huxley, G. L. (1970), "Anthemius of Tralles", in Gillispie, Charles Coulston (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 1 (Abailard–Berg), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 169–170.
Knorr, Wilbur (1983). "The Geometry of Burning-Mirrors in Antiquity". Isis. 74 (1): 53–73. doi:10.1086/353176. JSTOR 232280.
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F. (1999), "Anthemius of Tralles", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Gereja Rasul Suci
• Eutocius dari Ascalon
• Konstantinopel
• Hagia Sofia, Istanbul
• Matematika dan arsitektur
• Anthemius of Tralles
• Isidore of Miletus
• 6th century in architecture
• Hagia Sophia
• Camera obscura
• Anthemius (disambiguation)
• Archimedes' heat ray
• List of Byzantine scholars
• 5th century in architecture
• List of urban planners