• Source: Back vowel

A back vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a back vowel is that the highest point of the tongue is positioned relatively back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Back vowels are sometimes also called dark vowels because they are perceived as sounding darker than the front vowels.
Near-back vowels are essentially a type of back vowels; no language is known to contrast back and near-back vowels based on backness alone.
The category "back vowel" comprises both raised vowels and retracted vowels.




Articulation


In their articulation, back vowels do not form a single category, but may be either raised vowels such as [u] or retracted vowels such as [ɑ].




Partial list


The back vowels that have dedicated symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet are:

close back unrounded vowel [ɯ]
close back protruded vowel [u]
near-close back protruded vowel [ʊ]
close-mid back unrounded vowel [ɤ]
close-mid back protruded vowel [o]
open-mid back unrounded vowel [ʌ]
open-mid back rounded vowel [ɔ]
open back unrounded vowel [ɑ]
open back rounded vowel [ɒ]
There also are back vowels that do not have dedicated symbols in the IPA:

close back compressed vowel [ɯᵝ] or [uᵝ]
near-close back unrounded vowel [ɯ̽] or [ʊ̜]
near-close back compressed vowel [ɯ̽ᵝ] or [ʊᵝ]
close-mid back compressed vowel [ɤᵝ] or [oᵝ]
mid back unrounded vowel [ɤ̞] or [ʌ̝]
mid back rounded vowel [o̞] or [ɔ̝]
As here, other back vowels can be transcribed with diacritics of relative articulation applied to letters for neighboring vowels, such as ⟨u̞⟩, ⟨o̝⟩ or ⟨ʊ̠⟩ for a near-close back rounded vowel.




See also


Front vowel
Central vowel
List of phonetics topics
Relative articulation




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Hava Nagila
• Ā
• X (media sosial)
• Bahasa Inggris
• Bahasa Sambal
• Vokal bulat setengah terbuka belakang
• Orang utan
• Vokal takbulat setengah tertutup madya
• Sisak
• Oe (Kiril)
• Back vowel
• Vowel
• Close back rounded vowel
• Open back unrounded vowel
• Close-mid back rounded vowel
• Near-close near-back rounded vowel
• Close back unrounded vowel
• Open-mid back unrounded vowel
• Close-mid back unrounded vowel
• Open-mid back rounded vowel