• Source: Badaga language

Badaga is a southern Dravidian language spoken by the Badaga people of the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. The language is closely related to the Kannada language with heavy influence from Tamil language. Of all the tribal languages spoken in Nilgiris (Badaga, Toda language, Kota language (India)), Badaga is the most spoken
language.




Origins


Badaga, like modern Kannada, likely originates from Old Kannada. This is suggested by the fact that Badaga shares many common features with modern Kannada. One such feature shared by both Badaga and Kannada is initial /h/ where other Dravidian languages, and Old Kannada, have an initial /p/, a process which began around the 13th century.




Phonology


Badaga has five vowel qualities, /i e a o u/, where each of them may be long or short, and until the 1930s they were contrastively half and fully retroflexed, for a total of 30 vowel phonemes. Current speakers only distinguish retroflection of a few vowels.

Note on transcription: rhoticity ⟨◌˞⟩ indicates half-retroflexion; doubled ⟨◌˞˞⟩ it indicates full retroflexion.




Writing system


Several attempts have been made at constructing an orthography based on English, Kannada and Tamil. The earliest printed book using Kannada script was a Christian work, "Anga Kartagibba Yesu Kristana Olleya Suddiya Pustaka" by Basel Mission Press of Mangaluru in 1890.

Badaga can also be written in the Kannada script and Tamil script.




Linguistic documentation


Badaga has been studied and documented by linguists. Several Badaga-English Dictionaries have been produced since the latter part of the nineteenth century.
A collection of proverbs and other traditional sayings of the Badaga has been collated and edited by Paul Hockings. It is the result of the work of many people, collecting material over many decades.




References






Relevant literature


Hockings, Paul. Counsel from the ancients: A study of Badaga proverbs, prayers, omens, and curses. Mouton de Gruyter, 1988. Archive.org




External links



Online community of Badagas worldwide
Badaga literature
A website on the Badaga
Audio recordings in Badaga, with annotations in trilingual format (Badaga, English, French) Archived 9 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine – transcribed and translated by C. Pilot-Raichoor – site of the Pangloss Collection, CNRS-LACITO

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Bahasa Badaga
• Alfabet Fonetik Internasional
• Daftar bahasa menurut rumpun bahasa
• Bahasa Kannada
• Badaga language
• Badagas
• Badaga
• Kannada dialects
• Ari (name)
• Badaga cinema
• South Dravidian languages
• Nilgiris district
• Ethnic groups in Tamil Nadu
• Wayanad Chetti language