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    • Source: BOR-4

      • The BOR-4 (Š‘ŠžŠ -4 Russian: Š‘ŠµŃŠæŠøŠ»Š¾Ń‚Š½Ń‹Š¹ ŠžŃ€Š±ŠøтŠ°Š»ŃŒŠ½Ń‹Š¹ Š Š°ŠŗŠµŃ‚Š¾ŠæŠ»Š°Š½ 4, Bespilotnyi Orbital'nyi Raketoplan 4, "Unpiloted Orbital Rocketplane 4") flight vehicle is a scaled (1:2) prototype of the Soviet Spiral VTHL (vertical takeoff, horizontal landing) spaceplane. An uncrewed, subscale spacecraft, its purpose was to test the heatshield tiles and reinforced carbon-carbon for the Buran space shuttle, then under development.
      Several of them were built and flown between 1982 and 1984 from the Kapustin Yar launch site at speeds of up to Mach 25, using K65-RB5 variant of Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. After reentry, they were designed to parachute to an ocean splashdown for recovery by the Soviet Navy. The testing was nearly identical to that carried out by the US Air Force ASSET program in the 1960s, which tested the heatshield design for the X-20 Dyna-Soar. On 16 March 1983:ā€Š207ā€Š a Royal Australian Air Force P-3 Orion reconnaissance aircraft captured the first Western images of the craft as it was recovered by a Soviet ship near the Cocos Islands.


      Flights


      Seven BOR were built, and four confirmed flights took place between 1982 and 1984. All orbital flights were launched using Kosmos-3M rockets at the Kapustin Yar launch complex in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia


      Current locations


      BOR-4S nĀŗ401 ā€“ Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast, Russia
      BOR-4 ā€“ Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast, Russia


      See also


      HL-20 Personnel Launch System
      Dream Chaser


      References




      External links



      Detailed page on BORs

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