• Source: Braj Bhasha

Braj is a language within the Indo-Aryan language family spoken in the Braj region in Western Uttar Pradesh centered on Mathura. Along with Awadhi, it was one of the two predominant literary languages of North-Central India before gradually merging and contributing to the development of standardized Hindi in the 19th century. It is spoken today in its unique form in many districts of west Uttar Pradesh, often referred to as 'Central Braj Bhasha'.
The language was historically used for Vaishnavite poetry dedicated to Krishna, whose life was associated with sites in the Braj region. There were also early prose works in terms of the hagiographical vārtā literature of the Vallabha sect.

Braj is considered by scholars to be a more conservative example of the Central Indo-Aryan languages compared to the Hindustani language, which has been influenced by Panjabi and intermediate dialects.




Geographical distribution


Braj Bhasha is spoken in the nebulous Braj region centred on Mathura & Agra in Uttar Pradesh and Bharatpur, Karauli, Gangapur & Dholpur in Rajasthan. It is the predominant language in the central stretch of the Ganges-Yamuna Doab in the following districts:

Hathras
Mathura
Agra
Aligarh
Firozabad
Auraiya
Etah
Mainpuri
Etawah
Farrukhabad
Kasganj
Badaun
Palwal
Karauli
Gangapur
Bharatpur
Deeg
It is also spoken in the western areas of Uttar Pradesh, mainly in Mathura district and southern areas of Palwal district
In Madhya Pradesh it is spoken in the districts of :

Morena,
Gwalior
Bhind
Shivpuri.
Guna

It is spoken in several villages of Mathura, specially in Vrindavan, Madhuvan, Kaman, Kosi Kalan, Chhata, Baldeo, and all other villages belongs to Braj Area with Bajna, Surir, Bhidauni,




Literature



Most Braj literature is of a mystical nature, related to the spiritual union of people with God, because almost all of the Braj Bhasha poets were considered God-realised saints and their words are thus considered as directly emanating from a divine source. Much of the traditional Northern Indian literature shares this trait. All traditional Punjabi literature is similarly written by saints and is of a metaphysical and philosophical nature.
Another peculiar feature of Northern Indian literature is that the literature is mostly written from a female point of view, even by male poets. This is because the saints were in a state of transcendental, spiritual love, where they were metaphorically women reuniting with their beloved. (In its inversion of the conventional genders of worshipper and worshippee, Maulana Da’ud's Chandayan departs from this tradition.)
Important works in Braj Bhasha are:

Pushtimargiya kiratan of ashtachhap.
Yugala Shataka by Swami Sri Sribhatta Devacarya; known as the first 'Vani' book in Vraja Bhasha composed in the 14th Century AD as a part of Nimbarka Sampradaya tradition of Radha Krishna worship.
Vinaya Patrika by Tulsidas
Sur Sagar by Surdas
Buddha Charit by Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla
Sufi poetry by Amir Khusro
Eulogies by Kavi Bhushan
Nayikabhed, Nakhshikh and satasattak by Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj.
Vrind Satsai by Vrind (1643 - 1723), court poet of ruler of Kishangarh




See also


Hindi literature
Brajavali dialect
Brajabuli
Awadhi language




Notes






References






Further reading


Snell, Rupert. 1991. The Hindi Classical Tradition: A Braj Bhāṣā Reader ISBN 0728601753
Snell, Rupert. 2016. Braj in Brief: An introduction to literary Braj Bhāṣā




External links



https://web.archive.org/web/20070524104936/http://www.ciil.org/Main/Languages/indian.htm

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Braj
• Vrindavan
• Barsana
• Agra
• Bahasa Gāndhārī
• Mathura
• Rumpun bahasa Iran
• Gokul
• Govardhan
• Bahasa Baktria
• Braj Bhasha
• Braj literature
• Braj
• Cinema of India
• Gokulanatha
• Maharaj Libel Case
• Kauravi dialect
• Pushtimarga Sampradaya
• Surdas
• Bengali language