• Source: Buitenplaats

A buitenplaats (literally "outside place") was a summer residence for rich townspeople in the Netherlands. During the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century, many traders and city administrators in Dutch towns became very wealthy. Many of them bought country estates, at first mainly to collect rents, however soon mansions started to be built there, which were used only during the summer.




History



Buitenplaatsen or buitenhuizen could be found in picturesque regions which were easily accessible from the owner's home in town, and they were near a clean water source. Most wealthy families kept their children in buitenhuizen during the summer to flee the putrid canals of the cities and the accompanying onset of cholera and other diseases. Though most buitenhuizen have been demolished, examples are still in existence along the river Vecht, the river Amstel, the Spaarne in Kennemerland, the river Vliet and in Wassenaar. Some still exist near former lakes (now polders) like the Watergraafsmeer and Beemster, which were popular too. In the 19th century with improvements in water management, new regions came into fashion, such as the Utrecht Hill Ridge (Utrechtse Heuvelrug) and the area around Arnhem.

Buitenplaatsen are often mistaken for castles; however, a castle usually dates from medieval times and thus was usually founded and owned by nobles, while buitenplaatsen were primarily built and owned by the newly rich bourgeoisie during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Many buitenhuizen are built on top of the ruins of earlier castles that were destroyed during the Dutch revolt. The owners adopted the castle name, giving themselves a hint of nobility. Like early English country houses, buitenhuizen were only used during the summer. The wealthy owners then returned in the autumn to their residences in Amsterdam, Utrecht, Leiden, The Hague, Haarlem, Dordrecht, and other prominent cities. By the end of the 18th century these places were lined up side by side along the banks of the more prominent rivers. William Thomas Beckford, who published an account of his letters back home from his Grand Tour, traveled by trekschuit from Amsterdam to Utrecht and wrote home on July 2, 1780, with this to say about the buitenhuizen along the Vecht river; "Both sides of the way are lined with the country-houses and gardens of opulent citizens, as fine as gilt statues and clipped hedges can make them. Their number is quite astonishing: from Amsterdam to Utrecht, full thirty miles, we beheld no other objects than endless avenues and stiff parterres scrawled and flourished in patterns like the embroidery of an old maid’s work-bag."
The core of a buitenplaats was the mansion, a stately building in which the owner and his family were housed. Around it was a garden decorated with fountains and statues. Often there were also an orangerie with exotic plants, an aviary or a grotto with shells. The buitenplaats was often connected to a farm or a forest.
During the 19th century buitenplaatsen became outmoded, and often they were also too expensive to use exclusively in the summer. In some regions buitenplaatsen disappeared altogether, in other regions, such as Vecht and Kennemerland they still exist. Most were torn down to make way for housing developments, infrastructural changes (most of the Wijkermeer is under the North Sea Canal), and apartment buildings. Even in the case of Hofwijck, whose inhabitants were so notable that the house is a museum today, the place was nearly flattened in the early 20th century to make way for the railway, and today commuters between The Hague and Zoetermeer can get a good look at the old house. Often the street name or park name is a reminder of the old house (such as Groenendaal Park). Few are open to the public however, as many of them are still inhabited, though not usually year round.




Notable buitenplaatsen still existing


Het Loo Palace in Apeldoorn
Beeckestijn in Velsen-Zuid
Elswout in Bloemendaal
Huys Clingendael in Wassenaar
Frankendael in the Watergraafsmeer
Goudestein in Maarssen
Groeneveld in Baarn
Hofwijck in Voorburg
Huis Honselaarsdijk in Honselersdijk
Trompenburgh in 's-Graveland
Hartekamp in Heemstede
Berkenrode in Heemstede
Iepenrode in Heemstede
Huis te Manpad in Heemstede
Villa Welgelegen in Haarlem
Oud Poelgeest in Oegstgeest
Keukenhof te Lisse
Gunterstein in Breukelen
Bolenstein in Maarssen
Rustenhoven in Maartensdijk
Sparrendaal in Driebergen
Wester-Amstel in Amstelveen




See also



Castle
Cottage
Country house
Dacha
Stately home
Summer house




References



Buitenhuizen (ca. 1700) in the Dutch canon timeline of history

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Huis Doorn
• Jacob Franszoon Hinlopen
• Buitenplaats
• Eelde
• Soestdijk Palace
• Summer house
• Koudekerk aan den Rijn
• Excelsior Rotterdam
• Elswout
• Beeckestijn
• Frankendael
• Hartekamp