- Source: Calcium channel
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in membrane potential. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a ligand. Other calcium channels can also be regulated by both voltage and ligands to provide precise control over ion flow. Some cation channels allow calcium as well as other cations to pass through the membrane.
Calcium channels can participate in the creation of action potentials across cell membranes. Calcium channels can also be used to release calcium ions as second messengers within the cell, affecting downstream signaling pathways.
Comparison tables
The following tables explain gating, gene, location and function of different types of calcium channels, both voltage and ligand-gated.
= Voltage-gated
=voltage-operated calcium channels
= Ligand-gated
=receptor-operated calcium channels
Non-selective Channels Permeable to Calcium
There are several cation channel families that allow positively charged ions including calcium to pass through. These include P2X receptors, Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, Acid-sensing ion channels, and SOC channels. These channels can be regulated by membrane voltage potentials, ligands, and/or other cellular conditions. Cat-Sper channels, found in mammalian sperm, are one example of this as they are voltage gated and ligand regulated.
Pharmacology
L-type calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension. In most areas of the body, depolarization is mediated by sodium influx into a cell; changing the calcium permeability has little effect on action potentials. However, in many smooth muscle tissues, depolarization is mediated primarily by calcium influx into the cell. L-type calcium channel blockers selectively inhibit these action potentials in smooth muscle which leads to dilation of blood vessels; this in turn corrects hypertension.
T-type calcium channel blockers are used to treat epilepsy. Increased calcium conductance in the neurons leads to increased depolarization and excitability. This leads to a greater predisposition to epileptic episodes. Calcium channel blockers reduce the neuronal calcium conductance and reduce the likelihood of experiencing epileptic attacks.
See also
Calcium in biology – Use of calcium by organisms.
References
External links
"The Weiss Lab". The Weiss Lab is investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human diseases caused by dysfunction of ion channels.
"Voltage-Gated Ion Channels". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2021-04-17. Retrieved 2008-12-17.
"TRIP Database". a manually curated database of protein-protein interactions for mammalian TRP channels. Archived from the original on 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
Calcium+Channels at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Saluran kalsium
- Penghalang saluran kalsium
- Simvastatin
- Amlodipin
- Antiangina
- Flunarizin
- Nifedipin
- Lisinopril
- Diltiazem
- Bawang putih
- Calcium channel
- Calcium channel blocker
- Voltage-gated calcium channel
- L-type calcium channel
- BK channel
- T-type calcium channel
- Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
- Calcium release activated channel
- Cardiac action potential
- N-type calcium channel
