- Source: Capirola Lutebook
The so-called Capirola Lutebook is one of the most important sources of early 16th century Italian lute music. It is an illuminated manuscript which comprises the entire surviving output of Vincenzo Capirola.
The Capirola Lutebook was compiled in 1520 by Vitale, a pupil of Capirola. The compositions included probably date from around 1517. There are 42 folios; the manuscript begins with a short note by its creator, one Vitale (Vidal), pupil of Capirola's. Vitale informs the reader that he adorned the lutebook with paintings to ensure its survival: even owners not interested in musical matters would, by Vitale's reasoning, keep the lutebook in their collections because of the paintings. This explanation is followed by a substantial text on lute playing technique, ornaments and notation—one of the most important sources on performance practice of the time. The actual music starts at folio 5. The lutebook contains the following works (for intabulations, composers of vocal originals are given):
La villanella
Recercar 1
Oublier veuil (Alexander Agricola)
Recercar 2
O mia cieca e dura sorte (Marchetto Cara)
Che farala, che dirala (Michele Vincentino)
La spagna 1
Recercar 3
Sit nomen domini (Johannes Prioris)
Padoana francese
Stavasi amor dormento (Bartolomeo Tromboncino)
Voi che passate qui (Bartolomeo Tromboncino)
Balletto
De tous biens plaine (Hayne van Ghizeghem)
Sancta Trinitas (Antoine de Févin)
Canto Bello
Recercar 4
Padoana
Recercar 5
Recercar 6
Christe de "Si Dedero" (Jacob Obrecht)
Allez regretz (Hayne van Ghizeghem)
Agnus dei (Antoine Brumel, from Missa Ut re mi fa sol la)
Recercar 7
La spagna 2
Recercar 8
Recercar 9
Recercar 10
Padoana alla francese
Recercar 11 alla spagnola
Non ti spiaqua l'ascoltar
Gentil prince
Nunca fué pena major (Juan de Urrede)
Et Resurrexit (Josquin des Prez, from Missa L'homme armé)
O florens rosa (Johannes Ghiselin)
Si dedero (Alexander Agricola)
Benedictus "Ut re mi fa sol la" (Antoine Brumel, from Missa Ut re mi fa sol la)
Bassadanza la spagna
Et in terra (Josquin des Prez, from Missa Pange lingua)
Qui tollis peccata mundi (Josquin des Prez, from Missa Pange lingua)
Recercar 12
Recercar 13
Tota pulchra es (Nicholas Craen)
The music varies in difficulty from very easy pieces (intended, as Vitale observes, for teaching purposes) to virtuosic toccata-like works. The thirteen ricercars of the book stylistically stand between the earliest, improvisatory examples and Francesco da Milano's ricercars, which exhibit a more advanced imitative technique. The manuscript is notable not only for the place Capirola occupies in lute repertoire, but also for the earliest known dynamic indications: for instance, the indication tocca pian piano appears in "Non ti spiaqua l'ascoltar". However, Capirola's seems to be an isolated example.
Notes
References
Chew, Geoffrey, and Rastall, Richard. "Notation" (III.), Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed December 12, 2006), (subscription access) Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
Ness, Arthur J. "Vincenzo Capirola", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed October 27, 2005), (subscription access) Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
Reese, Gustave. 1954. Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-09530-4
https://web.archive.org/web/20150511192038/http://www.newberry.org/capirola-lute-manuscript
External links
LuteBot Quarterly issue #1 by Federico Marinola, dedicated to the Capirola Lutebook - includes a complete English translation of the preface.
Capirola Lutebook in Italian and French tablature, includes Fronimo 2 and PDF versions.
