• Source: Committee on the Present Danger

The Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) is the name used by a succession of American anti-communist foreign policy interest groups. Throughout its four iterations—in the 1950s, the 1970s, the 2000s, and 2019—it has influenced foreign policy since the administration of Harry S. Truman. Its first iteration disbanded as its leading members joined the Dwight Eisenhower administration, leading for it to be reformed in 1976 to counter the Soviet Union during the cold war. This iteration achieved notable success during the Reagan administration. The third iteration was formed by veterans of the Cold War in 2004 in support of the war on terror. The fourth iteration, the Committee on the Present Danger: China (CPDC) returned the group to its anti-communist roots with a focus on the threat posed to the United States by the China Communist Party.




Overview


The committee first met in 1950, founded by Tracy Voorhees, to promote the plans proposed in NSC 68 by Paul Nitze and Dean Acheson. It lobbied the government directly and sought to influence public opinion through a publicity campaign, notably a weekly radio broadcast on the Mutual Broadcasting System throughout 1951. This iteration was effectively disbanded after 1952, following the appointment of Voorhees and others to senior positions in the administration.
It was privately revived in March 1976 to try to influence the presidential candidates and their advisors. After Jimmy Carter won the election, CPD went public again and spent the next four years lobbying, particularly against détente and the SALT II agreement. Its hawkish conclusions influenced the CIA's future reporting on the Soviet threat. This iteration of the CPD provided 33 officials to the Ronald Reagan administration, plus Reagan himself.




History






= First CPD (1950s)

=
On December 12, 1950, James Conant, Tracy Voorhees and Vannevar Bush announced the creation of the committee on the Present Danger. The group was formed in order to support the Truman Administration's remilitarization plans contained within NSC 68. The 'present danger' to which the group's title referred was "the aggressive designs of the Soviet Union", the CPD announced.



Members of the First CPD

James B. Conant (Chairman)
Tracy S. Voorhees (Vice Chairman)




= Second CPD (1970s)

=
On November 11, 1976, the second iteration was announced. The name of this version of the committee was "borrow[ed]" from the 1950s version, and was not a direct successor.
Some of its members lobbied for, and were members of, the 1976 Team B, providing an opposing view to the CIA's Team A.
Thirty-three officials of the Reagan administration were CPD members, including Director of Central Intelligence William Casey, National Security Advisor Richard V. Allen, United States Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick, Secretary of the Navy John Lehman, Secretary of State George Shultz, and Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle. Reagan himself was a member in 1979.



Founding members of the second CPD





= Third CPD (2004)

=
In June 2004, The Hill reported that a third incarnation of CPD was being planned, to address the War on Terrorism. This incarnation of the committee was still active as of 2008. The head of the 2004 CPD, PR pro and former Reagan adviser Peter D. Hannaford, explained, "we saw a parallel" between the Soviet threat and the threat from terrorism. The message that CPD will convey through lobbying, media work and conferences is that the war on terror needs to be won, he said.
Members of the 2004 CPD included Vice President for Policy Larry Haas, Senator Joseph I. Lieberman, former CIA director R. James Woolsey Jr., former National Security Advisor to President Reagan, Robert C. McFarlane, and Reagan administration official and 1976 Committee founder Max Kampelman. At the July 20, 2004, launching of the 2004 CPD, Lieberman and Senator Jon Kyl were identified as the honorary co-chairs.




= Fourth CPD (2019)

=

The fourth CPD was established on March 25, 2019 as the Committee on the Present Danger: China (CPDC). It is focused on education and advocacy on the existential and ideological threat to the United States posed by Communist China. It has been described as hawkish.

In a statement on the launch of the committee, the Population Research Institute stated: "The United States is in a new cold war. The Chinese Communist Party poses the greatest threat to both the United States and the world since the fall of the Soviet Union. Then, as now, the threat of a totalitarian regime with an evil ideology – one that is willing to kill 400 million of its own unborn children – must be stopped."



Members of the Fourth CPD

Source:

Brian Kennedy, Chairman
Frank Gaffney, Vice Chairman
Greg Autry
Steve Bannon
J. Kyle Bass
William Bennett
William G. Boykin
José Cardenas
Robert Charles
Gordon G. Chang
Henry Cooper
Kenneth DeGraffenreid
Paula DeSutter
Nicholas Eftimiades
Sam Faddis
James Fanell
Kevin Freeman
Bob Fu
Richard Fisher
Mark Helprin
Rosemary Gibson
Sasha Gong
Chadwick R. Gore
Lianchao Han
Peter Huessy
Bradley Johnson
Phillip Karber
Steven L. Kwast
Ratko Knezevic
Xiaoxu Sean Lin
Tidal McCoy
Bob McEwen
Robert Maness
Richard Manning
Rod Martin
Tidal McCoy
Faith McDonnell
Robert McEwen
Thomas McInerney
John Mills
Steven W. Mosher
Reggie Littlejohn
Jay Lucas
Scott Perry
Benedict Peters
Miles Prentice
Suzanne Scholte
Arthur Waldron
Frank Wolf
R. James Woolsey Jr.
Yang Jianli




= Criticisms

=
The CPDC has been criticized as promoting a revival of Red Scare politics in the United States, and for the involvement of Frank Gaffney and activist Steve Bannon. David Skidmore, writing for The Diplomat, described it as the latest instance of "what was once referred to as the 'military-industrial complex'” influencing policy.




See also


Citizens for a Free Kuwait
Coalition for a Democratic Majority
Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf
Committee for the Liberation of Iraq
Foreign policy interest group
Institute on Religion and Democracy
Neoconservatism




References






Further reading



Boies, John, and Nelson A. Pichardo (1993–1994). "The Committee on the Present Danger: A Case for the Importance of Elite Social Movement Organizations to Theories of Social Movements and the State". Berkeley Journal of Sociology 38: 57-87. JSTOR 41035466.
Singh, Robert. "Neoconservatism in the Age of Obama", in Inderjeet Parmar, ed., Obama and the World (Routledge, 2014). pp. 51–62.
Vaïsse, Justin (2010). "Chapter 5: Nuclear Alarm: The Committee on the Present Danger". Neoconservatism: The Biography of a Movement. Belknap. ISBN 978-0-674-06070-8.
Walker, Martin (1995). The Cold War: A History. Chapter 11: "The Death of Détente and the Change of the Western System"; and Chapter 12: "The New Cold War". Macmillan. ISBN 0-8050-3454-4.




External links


Committee on the Present Danger: China
CPD Home page (Third CPD)
The Committee on the Present Danger Papers at the Hoover Institution

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