• Source: Data-rate units

In telecommunications, data transfer rate is the average number of bits (bitrate), characters or symbols (baudrate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system. Common data rate units are multiples of bits per second (bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s). For example, the data rates of modern residential high-speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).




Standards for unit symbols and prefixes






= Unit symbol

=
The ISQ symbols for the bit and byte are bit and B, respectively. In the context of data-rate units, one byte consists of 8 bits, and is synonymous with the unit octet. The abbreviation bps is often used to mean bit/s, so that when a 1 Mbps connection is advertised, it usually means that the maximum achievable bandwidth is 1 Mbit/s (one million bits per second), which is 0.125 MB/s (megabyte per second), or about 0.1192 MiB/s (mebibyte per second). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) uses the symbol b for bit.




= Unit prefixes

=
In both the SI and ISQ, the prefix k stands for kilo, meaning 1000, while Ki is the symbol for the binary prefix kibi-, meaning 1024. The binary prefixes were introduced in 1998 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and in IEEE 1541-2002 which was reaffirmed on 27 March 2008. The letter K is often used as a non-standard abbreviation for 1,024, especially in "KB" to mean KiB, the kilobyte in its binary sense. In the context of data rates, however, typically only decimal prefixes are used, and they have their standard SI interpretation.




= Variations

=
In 1999, the IEC published Amendment 2 to "IEC 60027-2: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 2: Telecommunications and electronics". This standard, approved in 1998, introduced the prefixes kibi-, mebi-, gibi-, tebi-, pebi-, and exbi- to be used in specifying binary multiples of a quantity. The name is derived from the first two letters of the original SI prefixes followed by bi (short for binary). It also clarifies that the SI prefixes are used only to mean powers of 10 and never powers of 2.




Decimal multiples of bits


These units are often used in a manner inconsistent with the IEC standard.




= Kilobit per second

=
Kilobit per second (symbol kbit/s or kb/s, often abbreviated "kbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:

1,000 bits per second
125 bytes per second




= Megabit per second

=
Megabit per second (symbol Mbit/s or Mb/s, often abbreviated "Mbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:

1,000 kilobits per second
1,000,000 bits per second
125,000 bytes per second
125 kilobytes per second




= Gigabit per second

=
Gigabit per second (symbol Gbit/s or Gb/s, often abbreviated "Gbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:

1,000 megabits per second
1,000,000 kilobits per second
1,000,000,000 bits per second
125,000,000 bytes per second
125 megabytes per second




= Terabit per second

=
Terabit per second (symbol Tbit/s or Tb/s, sometimes abbreviated "Tbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:

1,000 gigabits per second
1,000,000 megabits per second
1,000,000,000 kilobits per second
1,000,000,000,000 bits per second
125,000,000,000 bytes per second
125 gigabytes per second




Decimal multiples of bytes


These units are often not used in the suggested ways; see § Variations.




= Kilobyte per second

=
kilobyte per second (kB/s) (sometimes abbreviated "kBps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:

8,000 bits per second
1,000 bytes per second
8 kilobits per second




= Megabyte per second

=
megabyte per second (MB/s) (can be abbreviated as MBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:

8,000,000 bits per second
1,000,000 bytes per second
1,000 kilobytes per second
8 megabits per second




= Gigabyte per second

=
gigabyte per second (GB/s) (can be abbreviated as GBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:

8,000,000,000 bits per second
1,000,000,000 bytes per second
1,000,000 kilobytes per second
1,000 megabytes per second
8 gigabits per second




= Terabyte per second

=
terabyte per second (TB/s) (can be abbreviated as TBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:

8,000,000,000,000 bits per second
1,000,000,000,000 bytes per second
1,000,000,000 kilobytes per second
1,000,000 megabytes per second
1,000 gigabytes per second
8 terabits per second




Conversion table






Examples of bit rates






See also


Binary prefix
Bit rate
List of interface bit rates
Orders of magnitude (bit rate)
Orders of magnitude (data)
Metric prefix
Instructions per second




Notes






References


International Electrotechnical Commission (2007). "Prefixes for binary multiples" (archived). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. - updated page Archived 2020-05-11 at the Wayback Machine lacks table but now references IEC 80000-13:2008 rather than IEC 60027-2.
IEC 60027-2 "Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 2: Telecommunications and electronics+
Donald Knuth: "What is a kilobyte?" Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine




External links


Valid8 Data Rate Calculator

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