• Source: Ephedraceae

Ephedraceae is a family of gymnosperms belonging to Gnetophyta, it contains only a single extant genus, Ephedra, as well as a number of extinct genera from the Early Cretaceous.




Taxonomy



Fossil Ephedraceae
















Ephedraceae is agreed to be the most basal group amongst extant gnetophytes. Members of the family typically grow as shrubs and have small, linear leaves that possess parallel veins. The fossil Ephedraceae genera show a range of morphologies transitional between the ancestral lax male and female reproductive structures and the highly compact reproductive structures typical of modern Ephedra. Modern members of Ephedra have either dry winged membranous bracts (modified leaves which surround the seed), which are dispersed by wind, leathery covered seeds, which are dispersed by seed-eating rodents, or fleshy bracts which are consumed and then dispersed by birds. Some extinct members of Ephedra from the Early Cretaceous, such as Ephedra carnosa, as well as Arlenea from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil have fleshy bracts surrounding the seeds, suggesting that these seeds were dispersed by animals.




= Genera

=
Ephedra L. Early Cretaceous-Recent
Arlenea Ribeiro, Yang, Saraiva, Bantim, Calixto Junior et Lima, 2023 Crato Formation, Brazil, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
Leongathia V.A. Krassilov, D.L. Dilcher & J.G. Douglas 1998 Koonwarra fossil bed, Australia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
Jianchangia Yang, Wang and Ferguson, 2020 Jiufotang Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
Eamesia Yang, Lin and Ferguson, 2018 Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
Prognetella Krassilov et Bugdaeva, 1999 Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian) (initially interpreted as an angiosperm)
Chengia Yang, Lin & Wang, 2013, Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
Chaoyangia Duan, 1998 Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
Eragrosites Cao & Wu, 1998 Yixian Formation, China, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
Gurvanella Krassilov, 1982 China, Mongolia, Early Cretaceous
Alloephedra Tao and Yang, 2003 China, Early Cretaceous (considered a synonym of Ephedra by some authors)
Amphiephedra Miki, 1964 China, Early Cretaceous
Beipiaoa Dilcher & al, 2001 China, Early Cretaceous
Ephedrispermum Rydin, K.R.Pedersen, P.R.Crane et E.M.Friis, 2006 Portugal, Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian)
Ephedrites Guo and Wu, 2000 China, Early Cretaceous
Erenia Krassilov, 1982 China, Mongolia, Early Cretaceous
Liaoxia Cao et al. 1998 China, Early Cretaceous
Dichoephedra Ren et al. 2020 China, Early Cretaceous
Laiyangia P.H. Jin, 2024 China, Early Cretaceous
?Pseudoephedra Liu and Wang, 2015 China, Early Cretaceous




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Ephedra
• Tumbuhan runjung
• Efedrina
• Efedrin
• Daftar tumbuhan endemik di Balkan
• Gnetophyta
• Ephedraceae
• Ephedra (plant)
• Gnetophyta
• List of endemic plants of Sicily
• Gymnosperm
• Juniper
• Ephedra distachya
• Conifer
• Cathine
• Ephedrine