• Source: Foreign relations of Belgium

Belgium is a country in Europe and member of major international organizations like the European Union and NATO which are both headquartered in Brussels, Belgium.
As a federal state, the Communities and Regions have their own foreign relations and are able to conclude treaties themselves.




Initial neutrality


Because of its location at the crossroads of Western Europe, Belgium has historically been the route of invading armies from its larger neighbours. With virtually defenceless borders, Belgium has traditionally sought to avoid domination by the more powerful nations which surround it through a policy of mediation. The Concert of Europe sanctioned the creation of Belgium in 1831 on the condition that the country remain strictly neutral.
This policy of neutrality ended after the experience of German occupation during World War I. In the years preceding World War II, Belgium tried to return to a policy of neutrality, but once again, Germany invaded the country. In 1948, Belgium signed the Treaty of Brussels with the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, and one year later became one of the founding members of the Atlantic Alliance.




Belgium's federalism and international relations


A peculiar feature of Belgian federalism is the fact that the country's Communities and Regions maintain their own international relations, including the conclusion of treaties. Thus, there are a number of bilateral Dutch-Flemish international institutions, such as the Dutch Language Union or the institutions for the control of the river Scheldt, in which only Flanders takes part. Likewise, only the French Community of Belgium takes part in La Francophonie. For instance, UNV's Online Volunteering service received a financial contribution from the Federal Public Service (FPS) Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation of the Kingdom of Belgium for the years 2013 and 2014 to support the outreach to the francophone world and the promotion of volunteerism.




International disputes


Belgium has resorted several times to international dispute settlement, notably in cases at both the International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of Arbitration with the Netherlands concerning the diversion of water from the Meuse (1937) the frontier at the enclave of Baarle-Hertog (1959) and the revitalisation of the so-called Iron Rhine railroad (2005). There have been other points of contention with the Netherlands, such as the deepening of the river Scheldt or the route for the high-speed rail link between Brussels and Amsterdam. This does however not influence the overall amicable character of Belgo-Dutch relationship.
Other former cases at international courts between Belgium and other countries are — in chronological order — the Oscar Chinn Case of 1934 (with the United Kingdom, the Borghgrave Case of 1937 (with Spain), the cases of the electricity company of Sofia of 1939 (with Bulgaria), the case of the "société commerciale de Belgique" of 1939 (with Greece), the case concerning the Barcelona Traction Company of 1970 (with Spain), the arrest warrant case of 2002 (with the Democratic Republic of the Congo) and the case concerning legality of use of force of 2004 (with Serbia and Montenegro).
The arrest warrant case of 2002 was caused by the application of Belgium's so called genocide law, providing for universal jurisdiction over the gravest international crimes. The same law stirred relations with, amongst others, Israel and the United States, since complaints were filed against high-ranking politicians and officials of both countries. The law was therefore repealed in 2003.




Diplomatic relations


List of countries which Belgium maintains diplomatic relations with:




Relationship with countries






= Africa

=




= Americas

=




= Asia

=




= Europe

=




= Oceania

=




Protocol


The kingdom of Belgium recognises 4 types of incoming visits in Belgium. They are ranked in precedence and protocol.

The State Visit, formal invitations by the King of the Belgians.
The Official Visit, invitation by the Belgian Prime minister.
The Working Visit, invitation by an ambassador, the cost is not paid by the Belgian state.
Cordial visits.
Visits of courtoisie
Visits to international Organisations
The Private Visit, at own initiative, Belgian authorities only provide security if requested.




See also


Belgian order of precedence
List of diplomatic missions in Belgium
List of diplomatic missions of Belgium
Visa requirements for Belgian citizens




References



This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.
This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.




External links


Egmont Institute Commentary July 2014
Belgian ministry of foreign affairs
Belgian directorate-general for development co-operation
Flemish service for foreign affairs
Francophone service for foreign affairs Archived 31 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Foreign Affairs
• Hubungan Belanda dengan Belgia
• Hubungan Belgia dengan Indonesia
• Daftar perwakilan diplomatik di Indonesia
• Orang Yunani
• Perang Dunia I
• Hubungan luar negeri Azerbaijan
• Persyaratan visa warga negara Indonesia
• Markus Aurelius
• Hubungan luar negeri Jepang
• Foreign relations of Belgium
• Belgium–Syria relations
• Belgium–Palestine relations
• Belgium–Russia relations
• Belgium–Israel relations
• Belgium–Turkey relations
• Belgium–Pakistan relations
• Belgium–France relations
• Belgium–Germany relations
• Belgium–United Kingdom relations