• Source: Giovanni Zurolo

Giovanni Zurolo, also called Giovanni II Zurolo, also called Zurlo Giovanni Zurlo, in Latin Johannes Zurolo (*1382 †1440), was count, feudal lord and Useful Lord of the Terra d'Angri, Roccapiemonte and other lands of the Kingdom of Naples; leader, during the "Dynastic Struggles" including that of the Terra d'Angri on 24 September 1421.
With a notarial deed dated 26 July 1436, he was the founder of the convent with the adjoining church of the SS. Annunziata of Terra d'Angri.




History


Second born son of d. Bernardo Zurolo, and d. Antonella Caracciolo, from whom she inherited the Terra d'Angri, Roccapiemonte and other lands of the Kingdom.
He had brothers and sisters, among whom we remember: Biancamano known as Blanca, Francesco, Salvatore II known as Russillo and Emilia.
He received the title of feudal lord directly from King Louis II of Anjou-Valois and feudal dominion over Angri.
Married d. Dalfina Caracciolo in ca. 1416, daughter of Leonetto and Caterina Filangieri from whom d. Antonella Zurolo (b. 1418 ca.), Countess of Bsistenza who in 1449 (1439) married (Istrum. Notar Giacomo Ferrillo, year 1449) to the Count of Buccino Francesco Caracciolo known as Petricone.




The Battle of the Land of Angri on 24 September 1421


Giovanni, strenuously defended the Terra d'Angri during the battle of 24 September 1421 from the soldiers of Braccio da Montone (Italian leader, known as Andrea Fortebraccio da Montone) during the aforementioned dynastic struggles, for the succession to the throne of Naples, between Alfonso V of Aragon and Louis III of Anjou, siding in favor of the latter being of the Angevin faction.




= Background of the battle

=
During the dynastic struggles for the succession to the throne of Naples (see the kingdom of Naples), between Alfonso V of Aragon and Louis III of Anjou, Giovanni Zurolo sided in favor of the latter, in fact in this period the fiefdom of Angri drew many benefits thanks to his loyalty to this dynasty, as his paternal grandfather was already a feudal lord loyal to the dynasty (called like his nephew Giovanni Zurolo known as Giovannello).
Once King Alfonso had taken power in the Kingdom of Naples, he then punished the disobedient feudal lord by sending the famous Italian mercenary leader Andrea Fortebraccio da Montone (also known by the famous title Braccio da Montone), already appointed by him and the queen, to the Land of Angri Joanna II of Anjou, on 21 September 1421, Count of Foggia and Prince of Capua and perpetual general (i.e. edible governor of the entire Neapolitan kingdom).
On 23 September Andrea and King Alfonso visited various Neapolitan locations after which he was instructed by the rulers to attack the fiefdom of Angri governed by Count Giovanni Zurolo, who had not accepted the loyalty of the new sovereign. Braccioforte marched towards the Sarno valley (see Agro Nocerino-Sarnese) with his mercenary army made up of around 12,000 men and, mostly: crossbowmen, foot infantry and knights.

The Battle of the Land of Angri
At dawn on 24 September 1421 the mercenaries headed towards the border of Angri, more precisely towards a bridge in the current city of Scafati (at the time the dominion of the Terra d'Angri, in fact the city of Scafati did not yet exist), the bridge was called Pons Sarni (which exists and still overlooks the Sarno river in that locality), They waited there for the enemy because the area was easier for those attacked to defend themselves, furthermore, there was also a military fortification, which currently no longer exists.
The feudal lord's plan envisaged a defensive fight in this area with the help of the armed forces of his brother Francesco Zurolo, count of Nocera de' Pagani and Montoro, and then also being assisted by the military aid of count Muzio Attendolo Sforza of Cotignola who it should have arrived a few days later, since it was a fairly easy area to defend and the banks of the river already allowed excellent defense by those attacked. Giovanni Zurolo waited with the local militia near the Angrese border but help from Francesco and Sforza never arrived. Betrayed by his brother (in truth his brother tried in vain to convince him to give up but the count wouldn't hear of it), Giovanni had to fight alone against an overwhelming enemy army, retreating immediately after Braccio's first attack to the fief of Angri and instead headed towards the city, after a few hours and a few enemy assaults it was invaded and sacked.

The news of the military defeat of Angri spread quickly among the various inhabitants of the lands of the Agro and the nearby city of Nocerina, the looting and destruction was a warning to the locals to guarantee obedience towards the new Aragonese dynasty. Braccio, after taking Angri, left a group of his soldiers under the command of a captain governor, a certain Luca de Triccia, since, in the evening, he headed to conquer Castellammare di Stabia with the rest of the army.Various versions on the battle of the Land of Angri
According to ancient and official sources, Count Giovanni Zurolo, after having briefly discussed against the enemy army at the Pons Sarni, headed with his soldiers to the Oppido Angarium (fortress city of Angri) and fought with the local citizens, a militia and various improvised leaders until the end of the clash, in fact after a few hours of various enemy assaults they surrendered but the city was not spared by the attackers.
Other sources instead speak of a retreat by Zurolo from his brother to the fortress of Nocera de' Pagani and of abandoning his lands at the mercy of his enemies, from which the Angrese had to defend themselves alone and against an overwhelming army.




The reinstatement of the Angri fiefdom to the Zurolo counts


In the period in which Giovanni strategically distanced himself from Angri, his brother Francesco made use of the special prerogatives and graces that he had deserved with his surrender, he worked hard at the court of King Alfonso so that the fiefdom of Angri could return to its legitimate owner of his brother and his heirs. Angri, in fact, with the Cancellara fiefdom (see the Grancia di Pizzaguto) once again entered the feudal succession of the Zurolo with all the connected jurisdictional rights (by virtue of the royal disposition of Ferdinand I of Aragon, known as Ferrante - XVIII King of Naples, 1458-1494), with a certain Scipione (son of Salvatore Rossillo and nephew of Giovanni) who in 1485 is listed, in the documents of the time, as ''dominus utilis'' of Angri; then on 5 February 1463, he was investitured, again by the same sovereign - Ferrante I, of the fiefdom of Solofra. Ad antiquo therefore the fiefdom of Angri remained with the Zurolo counts until it came under the dominion of other noble and powerful lords of the kingdom.




Sponsor


He was the founder of the former convent of the Dominican preaching fathers, with the adjoining church of the SS. Annunziata della Terra d'Angri (in Piazza Annunziata), on a previous chapel also dedicated to the SS. Annunziata. The notarial deed drawn up before the major church (later Collegiate) of Angri was executed on 26 July 1436.




The Battle of the Land of Angri in June 1438


At the beginning of June 1438, when King Alfonso, with his army of four thousand men on horseback, moved to occupy the fortress of Angri, Count Zurolo with a handful of soldiers fought heroically and forced him to stop at the Ponte di Scafati (Scafati brige), blocking his path. In these bloody battles, which lasted for days, between the partisans of the Angevin and Aragonese factions, the young captain Angelo Concilio, of the Casato de' Concilij of Angri, heroically lost his life.




Death and burial


Giovanni, feudal lord of Angri, died in around 1440, and was probably buried in the church of his greatest ancestors of Santa Restituta in the Cathedral of Naples, in the Piscicelli-Zurolo chapel, since the Zurolos were direct descendants of this noble family.




Dedications


Road plaques in white marble entitled Giovanni Zurolo affixed at the end of the road, where it begins and ends, on the walls of two buildings for civic use, a third plaque was instead entitled Largo Palio Storico, of the same workmanship as the previous ones, affixed in the clearing between Via Coronati and Via Amendola, relating to the events of 1421-1425 and 1428-1436 called "Palio Storico Città di Angri". The aforementioned headstones were subsequently removed by the same municipality for legal reasons.
Via Zurlo, in Angri, dedicated to the feudal lord of the Terra d'Angri, Count Giovanni Zurolo (mistakenly called Zurlo), around the 70s of the last century.
In Montoro, now Montoro Inferiore, there was a chapel dedicated to Santa Margherita, located in the ancient farmhouse of Borgo, Mercatello district. There, in the altarpiece, Bernardo Zurolo and his sons, Francesco Zurolo and Giovanni II Zurolo were represented.
In the church of the Ss. Annunziata of Angri, a plaque was placed inside by the community of faithful, the parish priest, and a member of the Zurolo family, in memory of the foundation of the same, by Count Giovanni Zurolo, dated in July 2004.




See also



Naples
Angri
Roccapiemonte
Kingdom of Naples
Louis II of Anjou
Joanna II of Naples
Alfonso V of Aragon
Braccio da Montone
Louis III of Anjou




Notes






Bibliography






= Historical sources

=
Bartolomeo Facio; et al. (Filoponi, Filoterpse & Filoponi, Clidano, Gesuiti : Collegio Romano) (1563). Bartholomei Faccij De rebus gestis Alphonsi Aragonij regis libri 7. Ad Caesarem Gonzagam . [Bartholomew Faccius on the deeds of King Alfonso of Aragon book 7. To Caesar Gonzaga ..] (in Latin). Vol. VI. p. 78.
Erasmo Ricca (1869). Istoria de' feudi del regno delle Due Sicilie di qua dal faro intorno alle successioni legali ne' medesimi dal XV al XIX secolo [History of the fiefdoms of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies on this side of the lighthouse around the legal successions of the same ones from the 15th to the 19th century] (in Italian). Vol. IV. Naples (NA).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
De Santi. (Registri della Cancelleria Angioina, anno 1424, fol. 107) [(Registers of the Angevin Chancellery, year 1424, fol. 107)] (in Italian). Vol. 2.
Gennaro Orlando (1884). Storia di Nocera De' Pagani [History of Nocera De' Pagani] (in Italian). Vol. II. Forni. pp. 194 and 195. ISBN 9788827107331.
Pietro Vincenti (1710). La contea di Nola dal sec. XIII al sec. XVI sec [The county of Nola since the century. XIII to the century. 16th century] (in Italian).
Angelo Di Costanzo (1710). Dom. Ant. Parrino (ed.). Historia del regno di Napoli [History of the kingdom of Naples] (in Italian). Vol. XVII. pp. 279 and 406.
Don Vincenzo Pastore (1980). "Angri distrutta da Braccio Forte da Montone" [Angri destroyed by Braccio Forte da Montone]. In Arti grafiche Palumbo & Esposito (ed.). Dalla Preistoria ai Nostri giorni-volume primo, dalle remote origini al dominio feudale dei Doria [From Prehistory to Our Days - first volume, from remote origins to the feudal dominion of the Doria] (in Italian). Vol. primo [first]. Cava de' Tirreni (SA). pp. 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, and 474.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Don Pasquale Pannone (1991). ARTI GRAFICHE F.LLI MERCURIO s.n.c. (ed.). Breve Cenno Storico su Angri-Profilo di Mons. Alfonso Raiola-Note di Gianfranco Forino [Brief Historical Note on Angri-Profile of Monsignor Alfonso Raiola-Notes by Gianfranco Forino] (in Italian). Angri (SA). p. 7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Gennaro Zurolo (2004). Regesto del documento d'Archivio del XV secolo. Atto di fondazione del Convento e Chiesa della SS. Annunziata di Angri [Summary of the 15th century archive document. Deed of foundation of the Convent and Church of the SS. Annunziata of Angri] (in Italian). Angri (SA).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Salvatore Silvestri (2006). Editrice Gaia (ed.). Dal fundo Marciano a San Marzano sul Sarno, un viaggio lungo 1500 anni [From Fundo Marciano to San Marzano sul Sarno, a 1500 year long journey] (in Italian). Editrice Gaia. p. 188. ISBN 9788889821206.
Gennaro Zurolo (2008). EDIZIONI COMUNE ANGRI (ed.). Le Strade di Angri [The Streets of Angri] (in Italian). Boscoreale (NA). pp. 307, 308 and 309.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Gennaro Zurolo (2010). Il riscatto di Zurolo (26 giugno 1428), Regesto del documento d'Archivio del XV secolo, Diploma Reale di Giovanna II d'Angiò [The ransom of Zurolo (26 June 1428), Summary of the 15th century archive document, Royal Diploma of Joan II of Anjou] (in Italian). Angri (SA).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Gennaro Zurolo (December 2019). "Il conte Giovanni Zurolo" [Count Giovanni Zurolo]. Sulle origini di una chiesa angioina nella Terra d'Angri: la SS. Annunziata [On the origins of an Angevin church in the Terra d'Angri: the SS. Annunziata] (in Italian). Angri (SA). pp. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 55 and 56. ISBN 9-788899-742430.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Gennaro Zurolo (2024). "IV". Casata Zurolo. Origini e sviluppo di una famiglia feudale del Meridione d'Italia [Zurolo House. Origins and development of a feudal family from Southern Italy] (in Italian). p. 112.




= Archival sources

=
SANT'ANNA NOCERA ARCHIVE (1428). Platea , anno 1428, p./f. 17v.: La Regina Giovanna II con questo Diploma diretto a Giovanni Zurolo utile Sig.re della Terra d'Angri [Platea
, year 1428, p./f. 17v.: Queen Giovanna II with this Diploma addressed to Giovanni Zurolo useful Lord of the Land of Angri.] (in Italian). p. (p./f. 17v.).
DOMINICAN GENERAL CURIA ARCHIVE OF SANTA SABINA ROME (1436). Fondatione del Conv.to della SS.ma Ann.ta d'Angri dell'Ord.ne de' Pred.ri fatta senza nessun peso dal q.m Ill.mo Sig.re di T.ra di Angri D. Giovanni Zurolo addì 26 di Luglio 1436 [Foundation of the Conv.to of the SS.ma Ann.ta d'Angri of the Ord.ne de' Pred.ri made without any weight by the q.m Ill.mo Signor of Tra di Angri D. Giovanni Zurolo on the 26th of July 1436]. XIV (in Italian). Vol. A, part two. pp. (ff.306r.-313r).
Bishop Giovanni Antonio Campano; et al. (Giovanni Battista Poggio) (1572). "V". L'Historie et vite di Braccio Fortebracci detto da Montone, et di Nicolo Piccinini Pervgini [The Historie et vite of Braccio Fortebracci known as da Montone, and of Nicolo Piccinini Pervgini.] (in Latin). p. 115.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF MALTA (1613). Joannis Zurolo de Neap. Russillo [Salvatore] Zurulo … Bernardo Zurolo [Joannis Zurolo de Neap. Russillo [Salvatore] Zurulo … Bernardo Zurolo] (AOM 4190). doc. I-XLVII (in Italian). pp. (ff.31r.-85r.).
Angelo Di Costanzo (1710). Dom. Ant. Parrino (ed.). Historia del regno di Napoli divisa in 20 libri. Aggiuntavi in questa prima Napoletana impr. la vita dell'autore epilogata in un elogio di Lorenzo Cresso [History of the kingdom of Naples divided into 20 books. Added to this first Neapolitan company. the author's life epilogued in a eulogy by Lorenzo Cresso] (in Italian). Vol. XVII. pp. 279 and 406.
Count Berardo Candida Gonzaga (1875). Memorie delle famiglie nobili delle province meridionali d'Italia, volume secondo [Memoirs of the noble families of the southern provinces of Italy, second volume] (in Italian). Vol. second. ...it happened that this family was surnamed Piscicelli-Zurlo and then only Zurlo. Factory typ. of the Cav. G. de Angelis and son. p. 219.
Alberto Maria Ghisalberti (1960). "100". Dizionario biografico degli Italiani [Biographical dictionary of Italians] (in Italian). Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana. ISBN 978-88-12-00032-6.
COMMON OF ANGRI; TECHNICAL COMMISSION; Gennaro Zurolo (historian); Antonino Pastore (historian); Giovanni Rossi (art expert); Anna Parlato (secretary) (December 17, 2015). Regolamento-Disciplinare per le parate medievali e le rievocazioni storiche, degli eventi del 1421-25 e del 1428-36, denominate Palio Storico Città di Angri, Angri 2016 [Disciplinary Regulations for medieval parades and historical re-enactments of the events of 1421-25 and 1428-36, called Palio Storico Città di Angri, Angri 2016] (in Italian). (G.C. Resolution no. 237 of 12.11.2015), (Municipality of Angri, City Council Resolution no. 30 of 23 March 2016, concerning the approval of this Regulation for medieval parades and historical re-enactments, events of 1421-25 and 1428-36, called Palio Storico Città di Angri, previously institutionalised, by virtue of a statutory amendment, with Council Resolution C. n. 69 of 17.12.2015).




External links






= Official

=
"Storia di Angri-Riferimenti storici sulla comunità angrese" [History of Angri-Historical references on the Angrese community]. REGIONE BASILICATA (in Italian). 2014. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
"La Storia" [History]. Comune di Angri (in Italian). March 30, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2019. The history of Angri during the early medieval period and the exploits of Count Giovanni Zurolo (known as Zurlo) in Angri.
Gennaro Zurolo (November 12, 2024). Pasquale Cavallo (ed.). "Famiglia Zurolo" [Zurolo family]. Nobili Napoletani (in Italian). See the section by Giovanni Zurolo also known as Giovanni Zurlo. Naples (NA): Pasquale Cavallo. Retrieved November 22, 2024.




= Other

=
Adriano Cotella (2005). "Zurlo - Origine del Cognome" [Zurlo - Origin of the Surname]. N COGNOMIX (in Italian). Retrieved March 3, 2024. In the history of the Zurolo family also known as Zurlo, read the part in which the baron and subsequent count of Angri and other lands Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.
"Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà Mediterranea-ZURLO E CAPECE ZURLO" [Golden Book of Mediterranean Nobility-ZURLO AND CAPACE ZURLO]. GENEALOGIE DELLE FAMIGLIE NOBILI DEL MEDITERRANEO-(Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà Mediterranea) online (in Italian). 8 June 2006. Retrieved March 3, 2024. In the history of the city, read the part in which the baron of Angri Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.
"Angri e la storia" [Angri and history]. PUNTO Agro news-Costiera & Dintorni (in Italian). 26 October 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2024. In the history of the city, read the part in which the baron of Angri Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.
Luigi D'Antuono (December 22, 2016). Luigi D'Antuono (ed.). "Lapidi rimosse: Zurolo contro il Comune" [Tombstones removed: Zurolo against the Municipality]. AngriNews-Luigi D'Antuono (in Italian). Angri (SA). Retrieved August 1, 2024.
Pina D'Antuono; La Redazione (September 26, 2016). A. Santaniello (ed.). "I nostri avi hanno sofferto duramente sotto i feudatari" [Our ancestors suffered harshly under the feudal lords]. angri.info-quotidiano online (in Italian). Angri (SA). Retrieved June 18, 2024.
"Italian Surnames - Cognomi Italiani - Z, (ZURLO-ZURLO)" [Italian Surnames - Cognomi Italiani - Z, (ZURLO-ZURLO)]. GANINO (in Italian). July 1, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2024. In the history of the Zurolo family also known as Zurlo, read the part in which the baron and subsequent count of Angri and other lands Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.
"ZURLO-ZUROLO" [ZURLO-ZUROLO]. HERALDRYS INSTITURE OF ROME-ATRALDIAN ITALIAN D.C.V. ROME (in Italian). July 1, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2024. In the history of the Zurolo family also known as Zurlo, read the part in which the baron and subsequent count of Angri and other lands Giovanni Zurolo known as Zurlo is mentioned.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Giovanni Zurolo
• Francesco Zurolo
• Zurlo
• Angri
• Vico and Vicoletto of Zuroli
• Convent of Santa Maria del Gesù
• Challenge of Barletta
• Leodoro Piscicello
• Priscus of Nocera
• Ferdinand I of Naples