• Source: Grand Lake, New Brunswick

Grand Lake (officially Municipality of Grand Lake) is an incorporated village, straddling the boundary of Sunbury County and Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada. It was formed through the 2023 New Brunswick local governance reforms by amalgamating the villages of Chipman and Minto, and certain previously unincorporated areas of Northfield Parish, Canning Parish, Sheffield Parish, and Harcourt Parish, contiguous to the area. The municipality is divided into four wards.




History


Grand Lake was incorporated on January 1, 2023 via the amalgamation of the former villages of Minto and Chipman as well as the concurrent annexation of adjacent unincorporated areas.




Coal Mining Industry












The Grand Lake Coal Mining industry began in the 1630's when French settlers, called Acadians, learned about surface deposits of coal in the Coal Creek area now called Chipman, NB. The French used coal in their fort at the mouth of the Saint John river and in 1639 began selling coal to the British colony in the area now known as Boston, USA. This commercial trade in coal has been recognized as a National Historic Event and the First Export of Coal in America, by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Parks Canada.The need of transporting coal brought the railway to Grand Lake, and was to make the area "the most prosperous place in Canada." The New Brunswick Central Railway opened a railroad from Saint John to Chipman in 1889, and in 1904 the railroad was extended to Minto. The rails were extended to Fredericton in 1913,
Although the railroad lines through Minto have since been removed, the railroad station continues on as a local museum/gift & flowers shop. By the end of 2010, coal mining in Minto ended when the last coal mining company, NB Coal Ltd, closed.

During the early years of the Great Depression, the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission built the province's first thermal generating station at Newcastle Creek on the shores of Grand Lake. Opened in 1931, the Grand Lake Generating Station accessed coal from nearby deposits. NB Power closed the Grand Lake Station when its operating license expired in June 2010. As the Station has been NB Coal’s only customer since 2000, NB Coal closed in December 2009. On April 19, 2012 the Grand Lake Generating Station was demolished, and by this time all coal mining in New Brunswick had ended.




World War II internment camp


During the Second World War, the largest internment camp in eastern Canada was located in the hamlet of Ripples. Originally it housed German and Austrian Jews who had fled the Nazis to England.
Some youths later became notable, including theologian Gregory Baum, chemist Ernest Eliel and physicist Walter Kohn. Later after these Jewish refugees had been released into Canadian life, it became a prison for German prisoners of war, as well as some sympathizers such as Canadian fascist Adrien Arcand. Its most notable prisoner at this time was the anti-conscriptionist mayor of Montreal, Camillien Houde.
This internment camp is now a protected site, because it is in a Game Reserve created after the war. The only structure remaining at the site is the base of a water-tower where a plaque stands, visible from the highway. A walking trail leads into the forest where a few ruins of the camp and posted signs describing the area may be found. There is a small museum dedicated to the camp located on the basement level of Grand Lake's municipal building, at 420 Pleasant Drive, Minto.




Climate






Recreational activities


Although Grand Lake is a wide-spread community, there are recreational activities that take place year-round. It has the Minto Centennial Arena and the Chipman Arena, lighted and unlighted ball parks, family parks, nature trails, mountain bike trails, and hunting and fishing resources.
Each year there are two festivals in Grand Lake. In summer the Minto Coal Mining Festival is celebrated in June–July, first run in 1972. The Santa Claus Parade and Tree Lighting Ceremony is celebrated in November–December, with the first annual parade held in 2010.
Once a year mountain bike racers descend on the village of Grand Lake for a race known as 'The Coal Miner's Lung'. The endurance races covers 20 km, 40 km or 60 km of Grand Lake single track.




Education


There are four schools in Grand Lake: Minto Elementary and Middle School, Minto Memorial High School, Chipman Elementary School and Chipman Forest Avenue High School. All schools offer extracurricular activities including sports clubs, destination conservation, peer helpers and student government. While Minto Elementary and Middle School is a newer building, Minto High has required some updates since the school was founded in 1939; the gym on the main floor has recently been renovated into a theatre (which MEMS has) and got a new gym located in the basement along with a shop room. In 2011 the New Brunswick Community College (NBCC) Fredericton campus established a satellite campus the Minto Regional Delivery Site.




Notable people



Elizabeth Brewster, CM SOM (1922–2012) was a poet, author, and academic.
Marjorie Taylor Morell (1918-2004), author of Of Mines and Men; 1995 recipient of United Nations Community Service Award




See also


List of communities in New Brunswick
List of municipalities in New Brunswick




References

• Source: Grand Lake (New Brunswick)

Grand Lake is a lake located in central New Brunswick, Canada. It is approximately 40 kilometres east of Fredericton; and the province's largest open body of water being a total of 20 kilometers long and 5 kilometres wide. The lake drains through the Jemseg River and the Grand Lake Meadows into the Saint John River.
Records indicate that by the early 1600s [Grand Lake] was inhabited by Maliseet and Mi’kmaq peoples. The traditional word for Grand Lake is "Kchee'quis" meaning Big Lake.
Commercial barges of forest products were towed across the lake from a large sawmill in Chipman to a pulp mill in Saint John until the late 1990s. Other commercial activities included New Brunswick's largest coal mining area with extensive strip mines in the Newcastle Creek valley. In the 1850s, significant amounts of 'Newcastle coal' was being shipped down river from Grand Lake to the Saint John River. This was a coal-fired power generating station that was built in 1931 and was torn down in 2012, it was formerly operated by NB Power, and is located on the lake shore near the village of Minto.
Today, the lake is popular for recreational activities for both locals and visitors, with several beaches, cottages, and campgrounds along its shores. This large body of water acts as a heat sink, moderating local temperatures and creating the warmest climate in the province which extends the growing season.
There is a small aerodrome, Cumberland Bay Water Aerodrome, located in a bay of the same name on the east shore of the lake.
Communities along or near Grand Lake include:

Minto
Princess Park
Grand Lake West
Douglas Harbour
Jemseg
Mill Cove
Youngs Cove
Cumberland Bay
Waterborough
Campgrounds along or near Grand Lake include:

Grand Lake Campground
Princess Park
Mohawk Camping
Lakeside Campground
Lakes and rivers which drain into Grand Lake include:

Newcastle Creek
Salmon River
Coal Creek
Cumberland Bay Stream
Maquapit Lake




See also


List of lakes of New Brunswick




References

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