- Source: Guo
"Guo", written in Chinese: 郭, is one of the most common Chinese surnames and means "the wall that surrounds a city" in Chinese. It can also be transliterated as Cok, Gou, Quo, Quach, Quek, Que, Keh, Kuo, Kwo, Kuoch, Kok, Koc, Kwee, Kwek, Kwik, Kwok, Kuok, Kuek, Gock, Koay, or Ker. The Korean equivalent is spelled Kwak; the Vietnamese equivalent is Quách.
The different ways of spelling this surname indicate the origin of the family. For example, the Cantonese "Kwok" originated in Hong Kong and the surrounding area. In the Philippines, the spelling is "Que", "Ke", "Quepe", and "Kepa". In 2019, Guo was the 16th most common surname in mainland China.
Origins
There are eight legendary origins of the Guo surname, which include a Persian (Hui) origin, a Korean origin, and a Mongolian origin, as a result of sinicization. However, the majority of people bearing the surname Guo are descended from the Han Chinese.
= Hui surname
=
One of the Guo family is from the Hui clans around Quanzhou in Fujian.
Early in the 14th century, a Persian Al-Qudsan Al-Dhaghan Nam (伊本·庫斯·德廣貢·納姆) was sent to Quanzhou by Külüg Khan for assisting grain transportation by sea. He failed to return to Khanbaliq due to war, then got married and settled at Quanzhou. Because his Persian surname Qudsan pronounces similar to Chinese Guo, Al-Qudsan Al-Dhaghan Nam's grandsons began to change their surname to Guo in order to assimilate with local Han Chinese. It was politically expedient to claim they were descendants of Guo Ziyi in order to be better accommodated by local people and later the Ming dynasty government. After Haijin policy applied and the Portuguese began to dominate the China-Middle East maritime trade, they were more localized and recognized as descendants as Guo Ziyi by themselves and by local people.
Due to more people of these clans identifying as Hui, the population of Hui has grown. All these clans needed was evidence of ancestry from Arab, Persian, or other Muslim ancestors to be recognized as Hui, and they did not need to practice Islam. The Communist party and its policies encouraged the definition of Hui as a nationality or ethnicity. The Chinese government's Historic Artifacts Bureau preserved tombs of Arabs and Persians whom Hui are descended from around Quanzhou. Many of these Hui worship their village guardian deities and are non-Muslims; they include Buddhists, Taoists, followers of Chinese Folk Religions, secularists, and Christians. Many clans with thousands of members in numerous villages across Fujian recorded their genealogies and had Muslim ancestry. Hui clans originating in Fujian have a strong sense of unity among their members, despite being scattered across a wide area in Asia, such as Fujian, Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia, and Philippines.
In Taiwan there are also descendants of Hui who came with Koxinga who no longer observe Islam, the Taiwan branch of the Guo (romanized as Kuo in Taiwan) family are non-Muslims, but maintain a tradition of not offering pork at ancestral shrines. The Chinese Muslim Association counts these people as Muslims. The Taiwanese Guo clan view their Hui identity as irrelevant and don't assert that they are Hui.
Various different accounts are given as to whom the Hui Guo clan is descended from. Several of the Guo claimed descent from Han chinese General Guo Ziyi. They were then distressed and disturbed at the fact that their claim of descent from Guo Ziyi contradicted their being Hui, which required foreign ancestry. The Encyclopædia Iranica claims the ancestor of the Guo clan in Baiqi was the Persian Ebn Tur (Daqqaq).
Notable people
= Historical
=
Guo Chongtao, General of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Later Tang (and Later Tang's predecessor state Jin)
Guo Chun, painter during the Early Ming dynasty
Guo Chuwang, patriot at the end of the Song dynasty
Guo Daiju, Official and Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
Guo Huai, Military General of Cao Wei
Guo Jia, Official and Adviser under Warlord Cao Cao
Guo Kan, a famed Chinese general that served under the Mongols
Guo Nuwang, First Empress of Cao Wei
Guo Pu, writer and scholar of the Eastern Jin
Guo Rong, Second Emperor of Later Zhou also known as Chai Rong
Guo Shengtong, First Empress of Emperor Guangwu
Guo Shoujing, astronomer, engineer, and mathematician who lived during the Yuan dynasty
Guo Si, General who serve under Warlord Dong Zhuo during the Late Han dynasty
Guo Tu, adviser under Warlord Yuan Shao
Guo Wei, Founding Emperor of Later Zhou
Guo Xi, Chinese Painter of the Song dynasty
Guo Xiang Taoist of the Early Jin dynasty
Guo Xun, General of The Han dynasty
Guo Yuanzhen, General Official and Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
Guo Zhengyi, Official and Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
Guo Zhongshu, painter and scholar during the Song dynasty
Guo Ziyi (697–781), general of Tang China who ended the Anshi Rebellion
= Modern
=
Terry Gou (郭台銘, born 1950), Taiwanese billionaire, founder and chairman of Foxconn
Guo Ailun (born 1993), Chinese basketball player
Frant Gwo or Guo Fan (郭帆, born 1980), Chinese film director
Guo Guangchang (born 1967), Chinese billionaire, founder and chairman of Fosun International
Guo Jingjing (born 1981), Chinese Olympic diver
Guo Jingming (born 1983), Chinese author and pop idol
Guo Mei (born 1968), Chinese haematologist
Guo Moruo (1892–1978), Chinese author, poet, historian, archaeologist and government official
Guo Qi (born 1995), Chinese chess player
Guo Songtao (1818–1891), Chinese diplomat and statesman during the Qing dynasty
Guo Wengui (born 1967), Chinese billionaire businessman and political activist
Guo Wenli (born 1989), Chinese curler
Guo Xinwa (born 2000), Chinese badminton player
Guo Ying (born 1991), Chinese singer and rapper, member of girl group Rocket Girls 101
Guo Yonghuai (1909–1968), aerodynamics expert and a leader of China's atomic and hydrogen bomb projects
Tina Guo (born 1985), Chinese-American cellist and erhuist
Xiaolu Guo (born 1973), Chinese-British novelist and filmmaker
Alice Guo, Filipino-Chinese businesswoman and former mayor of Bamban, Tarlac
Hean Tat Keh, Professor of Marketing at Monash University
Herman Keh (born 1996), Singaporean actor and model
Teresa Kok (born 1964), Malaysian politician
Kuo Fang-yu (born 1952), Minister of Labor of the Republic of China (2016–2017)
Kuo Hsing-chun (born 1993), Taiwanese Olympic weightlifter
Kuo Kuo-wen (born 1967), Deputy Minister of Labor of the Republic of China (2016–2017)
Kuo Ping-Wen (1880–1969), Chinese educator
Robert Kuok (born 1923), Malaysian born Chinese, Hong Kong billionaire, chairman of Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts
Phillip Kwok (born 1951) Hong Kong–based Taiwanese actor, martial artist, and stuntman.
Didik Nini Thowok (born Kwee Tjoen An, 1954), Indonesian dancer
Kwik Kian Gie (born 1935), Indonesian politicians
Kwek Leng Beng (born 1940), Singaporean billionaire, executive chairman of Hong Leong Group
Sherman Kwek (born 1975/76), Singaporean businessman, son of Kwek Leng Beng
Kwok Wing-kin (born 1986), Hong Kong politician, leader of the Labour Party
Aaron Kwok (born 1965), Hong Kong singer, dancer, and actor
Kenix Kwok (born 1969), Hong Kong actress
Sonija Kwok (born 1974), Hong Kong actress
Roger Kwok (born 1964), Hong Kong actor
Walter Kwok (1950–2018), Hong Kong billionaire, former CEO of Sun Hung Kai Properties
Burt Kwouk (1930–2016), British actor
Phyllis Quek (born 1973), Malaysian actress based in Singapore
Sam Quek (born 1988), British field hockey player and gold medal winner at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Quek Leng Chan (born 1941), Malaysian billionaire, co-founder of Hong Leong Group Malaysia
Keh Chin Ann (郭振安; born 1974, disappeared in 1986), a twelve-year-old schoolboy who went missing in Singapore
Quek Kee Siong 郭祺祥, a child rapist and murderer in Singapore
Fictional people
Guo Jing, protagonist in The Legend of the Condor Heroes
See also
Kwak (surname), the same surname in Korean
Guo (surname 國), a rarer surname meaning "nation"
References
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