• Source: Historical and alternative regions of England

England is divided by a number of different regional schemes for various purposes. Since the creation of the Government Office Regions in 1994 and their adoption for statistical purposes in 1999, some historical regional schemes have become obsolete. However, many alternative regional designations also exist and continue to be widely used.




Alternative






= Cultural

=
Informal and overlapping regional designations are often used to describe areas of England. They include:

Yorkshire
Midlands, often considered interchangeable with Mercia
Black Country
Welsh Marches
Staffordshire Potteries
Three Counties
Northern England
Scottish Marches
Southern England
The Hundred Parishes
Home Counties
M4 corridor
Thames Valley
Cinque Ports
West Country, often considered interchangeable with Wessex
Cotswolds
Weald




= Heptarchy

=
Heptarchy, former kingdom names which did not become counties have continued to be recognised by organisations as regions:

Wessex, generally interchangeable with the West Country (excluding Cornwall)
East Anglia
Mercia, often considered interchangeable with the Midlands
Northumbria, associated mainly with the Viking age rump kingdom of Northumbria (the counties of Durham and Northumberland)




= Counties

=
Sussex
Yorkshire
North Riding of Yorkshire
West Riding of Yorkshire
East Riding of Yorkshire (historic)
Middlesex




= National parks

=
National parks include:

Peak District
Lake District
Dartmoor
Exmoor
North York Moors
Northumberland National Park
The Broads
New Forest
Yorkshire Dales
South Downs




= Britain in Bloom regions

=
Britain in Bloom divides England into 12 regions, bearing a mixture of government regions with some altered names. It also includes Cumbria, Thames-and-Chilterns (Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire) and part of south east and south west as South-and-South-West.




= National Trust

=
The National Trust has 10 regional offices in England. These are

Devon and Cornwall – part of the official South West region
East of England – as region
East Midlands – as region
North East England – North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber
North West England – as region
Thames and Solent – Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, London, Oxfordshire, Hampshire
South East England – East Sussex, Kent, Surrey, West Sussex
West Midlands – as region
Wessex – South West England without Devon and Cornwall




Historical






= Before 500

=
Dumnonia a Brythonic kingdom, present-day part of South West England.




= 500–1066

=

After the end of the Roman occupation of Britain, the area now known as England became divided into seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. A number of other smaller political divisions and sub-kingdoms existed. The kingdoms were eventually united into the Kingdom of England in a process beginning with Egbert of Wessex in 829 and completed by King Edred in 954. The Norse kingdom of Jorvik, also known as Scandinavian Yorkshire was not annexed into England until 1066 and the Royal Harrying of the North.




= 1655–1657

=
During The Protectorate, Oliver Cromwell experimented with the Rule of the Major-Generals. There were ten regional associations covering England and Wales administered by majors-general. Ireland under Major-General Henry Cromwell, and Scotland under Major-General George Monck were in administrations already agreed upon and were not part of the scheme.




= World War II

=




= 1945–1994

=



Economic planning regions

Eight economic planning regions were named by the Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, George Brown in December 1964. These were:

Northern – Cumberland, Durham, North Riding of Yorkshire, Northumberland, Westmorland
North-West – Cheshire, Lancashire, High Peak area of Derbyshire
Yorkshire and Humberside – East Riding of Yorkshire, West Riding of Yorkshire – Lincolnshire, Parts of Lindsey
East Midlands – Derbyshire (minus High Peak), Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Parts of Holland, Lincolnshire, Parts of Kesteven, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland
West Midlands – Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire
South West – Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Gloucestershire, Somerset, Wiltshire
South East – Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Greater London, Hampshire, Kent, Oxfordshire, Hertfordshire, Surrey, Sussex
East Anglia – Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely, Huntingdon and Peterborough



Standard statistical regions

Before the adoption of the government office regions for statistics, there were eight 'standard statistical regions':

North – current North East plus Cumbria
North West – current North West less Cumbria
Yorkshire and Humberside – as current Yorkshire and The Humber
West Midlands – as now
East Midlands – as now
East Anglia – Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire
South West – as now
South East – as now, plus Greater London, Bedfordshire, Essex, and Hertfordshire



Civil defence regions

The present government office regions closely resemble Civil Defence Regions. During the latter part of the Cold War, the United Kingdom was divided into 11 such regions, most of which were divided themselves into sub-regions. The regions were numbered as shown in the list, numbers for sub-regions were of the form 11.
The regions were based on pre-Second World War regions, but were substantially altered in the 1970s, with the merger of South East and Southern regions, and alterations in the north. They were again altered in 1984, to merge the English regions 1 and 2 to become a single North East region, and Scotland's two southern regions (East and West Zones) becoming a single South Zone.



= 1980s
=
From the mid-1980s, the eight English Civil Defence Regions were as follows (using 1974/1975 boundaries):

North East England
(North East England) – Cleveland/Durham/Northumberland/Tyne and Wear
(Yorkshire and the Humber) – Humberside/North Yorkshire/South Yorkshire/West Yorkshire
East Midlands
Derbyshire/Lincolnshire/Nottinghamshire
Leicestershire/Northamptonshire
East of England
(East Anglia) – Cambridgeshire/Norfolk/Suffolk
Bedfordshire/Essex/Hertfordshire
Greater London – see Civil defence centres in London for sub-regions
South East England
East Sussex/Kent/Surrey/West Sussex
Berkshire/Buckinghamshire/Hampshire/Isle of Wight/Oxfordshire
South West England
Avon/Dorset/Gloucestershire/Somerset/Wiltshire
Cornwall/Devon
West Midlands
Staffordshire/Warwickshire/West Midlands
Hereford and Worcester/Shropshire
North West England
Cumbria/Lancashire
Cheshire/Greater Manchester/Merseyside



Redcliffe-Maud provinces


The Redcliffe-Maud Report produced by the Royal Commission on local government reform in 1969 recommended the creation of eight provinces. In approximate terms, these were to be:

North East – per North East England
Yorkshire – per Yorkshire and the Humber
North West – per North West England, excluding southern Cheshire
West Midlands – per West Midlands, including southern Cheshire
East Midlands – per East Midlands, less Northamptonshire and mid Lincolnshire
South West – per South West England
East Anglia – Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, northern Essex, southern Lincolnshire
South East – South East England and Greater London with Northamptonshire, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, southern Essex




See also


List of ITV regions
BBC English Regions
International Territorial Level
Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
The United States of Europe, A Eurotopia?




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Konfederasi Amerika
• Daftar karya tentang Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda
• Katak-puru eropa
• Somaliland
• Daftar julukan kota di Amerika Serikat
• Historical and alternative regions of England
• ITL 1 statistical regions of England
• Regional assembly (England)
• List of European regions with alternative names
• History of England
• Regions of Wales
• South Midlands
• East Anglia
• New England
• Regions of Europe