- Source: HLA-A3
HLA-A3 (A3) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α3 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A3, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*03 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*03:01. A3 and A*03 are almost synonymous in meaning.
A3 is more common in Europe, it is part of the longest known multigene haplotype, A3~B7~DR15~DQ6.
Serotype
A3 is primarily composed of A*03:01 and *03:02 which serotype well with anti-A3 antibodies.
There are 26 non-synonymous variants of A*03, 4 nulls, and 22 protein variants.
= Associated diseases
=A3 serotype is a secondary risk factor for myasthenia gravis and lower CD8+ levels in hemochromatosis patients. The HFE (Hemochromatosis) locus lies between A3 and B7 within the A3~DQ6 superhaplotype.
= In HIV
=HLA-A3 selects HIV evolution for a mutation Gag KK9 epitope and results in a rapid decline in the CD8 T-cell response. CD8 T-cells are responsible for quickly killing HIV infected CD4+ cells. This type of evolved response may not be specific for HLA-A3 and since HIV is capable of adapting quickly in situ to selective factors.
Alleles
= Associated diseases
=A*03:01 modulates increased risk for multiple sclerosis
A3~B haplotypes
A3-B7 is part of the A3~DQ2 superhaplotype
A3-B8 (Romania, svanS)
A3~B35 (Bulgaria, Croatia, E. Black Sea)
A3~B55 (E. Black Sea)
= A3~Cw7~B7
=A3~B7 is bimodal in frequency in Europe with one node in Ireland and the other in Switzerland, relatively speaking Switzerland appears to be higher. A3~Cw7~B7 is one of the most common multigene haplotypes in the western world, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe.
A*03:01 ~ C*07:02 ~ B*07:02 ~ DRB1*15:01 ~ DQA1*01:02 ~ DQB1*06:02
References
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- HLA-A3
- A3
- Human leukocyte antigen
- HLA-B7
- History and naming of human leukocyte antigens
- HLA B7-DR15-DQ6
- Serotype
- Hereditary haemochromatosis
- HLA-Cw7
- HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2
