- Source: Hood unit
A hood unit, in North American railroad terminology, is a body style for diesel and electric locomotives where the body is less than full-width for most of its length and walkways are on the outside. In contrast, a cab unit has a full-width carbody for the length of the locomotive and walkways inside. A hood unit has sufficient visibility to be operated in both directions from a single cab. Also, the locomotive frame is the main load-bearing member, allowing the hood to be non-structural and easily opened or even removed for maintenance.
History
The hood unit evolved from the switcher locomotive. A switcher's long hood is normally low enough that the crew can see over it, and there typically is no short hood. Alco introduced the road switcher concept with the RS-1, which was an enlarged switcher with a short hood ahead of the cab. This was added to provide protection for the crew in case of a collision. The low long hood was retained, though its increased length made visibility over it useless. Later, EMD introduced the GP7, which had a similar layout, though both hoods were as high as the cab roof. The high long hood became standard for virtually all hood unit locomotives thereafter.
The long hood of a locomotive is usually about as tall as the cab roof in order to fit the large prime mover and its related subsystems. Originally the short hood of the locomotive was the same height, which is referred to as a high-nose or, confusingly, high short hood. Starting in the mid to late 1950s, the height of the short hood was reduced to increase visibility, creating a low-nose or low short hood locomotive. Some locomotives that were originally built with a high nose were later modified to have a low nose. Lately it has become common to make the short hood not only lower but also full-width, creating a wider nose which is usually referred to as a North American Safety Cab or Canadian comfort cab.
The visibility and access advantages mean that the hood unit is overwhelmingly the most popular style of locomotive in North America, as well as many other regions.
Operation
Although the crew cabin is centered on some hood units (particularly in the case of dual, relatively small prime movers), in most cases the cab is closer to one end of the locomotive than the other (in the case of a single, relatively large prime mover), breaking the locomotive up into long hood and short hood sections. It is generally preferred to run a hood unit short hood forward so that the cab is closer to the front, but there is enough visibility in the other direction that they can run long hood forward at regular speeds. Some railroad companies (notably, the Norfolk & Western and the Southern) ordered locomotives with cabs facing long hood forward so that the short hood is actually the rear of the locomotives, but that practice has become increasingly rare. This was usually done to offer greater protection to the crew in the event of a collision and to give better visibility of trackside signs and objects. Other locomotives were set up with dual control stands so that they could operate in both directions, making it unnecessary to turn the locomotive around at the end of a run. Some cabless hood units were also built. The long hood ran the whole length of those locomotives. In North America, all locomotives are required to have the letter F printed on the side sill at the end which is normally operated as its front.
North America
= Freight-oriented hood units
=EMD GP7
EMD GP9
EMD GP20
EMD GP28
EMD GP30
EMD GP35
EMD GP38-2
EMD GP40-2
EMD GP50
EMD GP60
EMD SD7
EMD SD9
EMD SD24
EMD SD38-2
EMD SD39
EMD SD39-2
EMD SD40
EMD SD40-2
EMD SD45
EMD SD45-2
EMD SD50
EMD SD60
EMD SD70 series
EMD SD75I
EMD SD75M
EMD SD80MAC
EMD SD90MAC
EMD DD35
EMD DD35A
EMD DDA40X
GE U23B
GE U23C
GE U25B
GE U25C
GE U28C
GE U30B
GE U30C
GE U33B
GE U33C
GE U36B
GE U36C
GE U50
GE U50C
GE Dash 7 Series
GE Dash 8 Series
GE Dash 9 Series
GE AC4400CW
GE AC6000CW
GE Evolution Series
= Passenger-oriented hood units
=Brookville BL20GH
GMD GP40TC
EMD GP40P
EMD GP40P-2
EMD GP40PH-2 (rebuilt from EMD GP40Ps for NJ Transit)
EMD GP39H-2 (rebuilt from EMD GP40s for MARC Train)
EMD GP40WH-2 (rebuilt from EMD GP40s for MARC Train)
EMD GP40-3H (rebuilt from EMD GP40s for CT Rail)
EMD GP40MC (rebuilt from GMD GP40-2Ws for MBTA Commuter Rail)
EMD SDP28 (built in the United States for Korean National Railways)
EMD SDP35
EMD SDP38 (built in the United States for Korean National Railways)
EMD SDP40
EMD SDP45
EMD SD70MACH (rebuilt from EMD SD70MACs for Metra)
GE U28CG
GE U34CH
GE Dash 8-32BWH
MPI MP32PH-Q (rebuilt from ex-MARC EMD GP40WH-2s for SunRail)
United Kingdom
The term "hood unit" is not used in the UK but a few locomotives of the hood unit type are in service. Some of these locomotives may also be classified as cab forwards when running in reverse.
British Railways class 08 (introduced 1952)
British Railways class 09 (introduced 1959)
English Electric Type 1 (introduced 1957)
British Rail class 70 (introduced 2009)
Withdrawn hood unit types include:
British Railways 10800
BTH Type 1
NBL Type 1
British Rail class 58
France
The term "hood unit" is not used in France but a few locomotives of the hood unit type are or were in service:
BB 63000
BB 66000
BB 66400
Y 8000
Germany
The term "hood unit" is not used in Germany but many switcher locomotives and a few freight locomotives of the hood unit type are in service:
ADtranz DE-AC33C
Vossloh G6
Vossloh G1000 BB
Vossloh G1206
Vossloh G1700 BB
Vossloh G2000 BB
Vossloh DE18
Turkey
Almost all Turkish locomotives have this design. Cab units recently imported and produced under licence.
Czechoslovakia
Locomotives of the hood unit type in Czech are:
ChME3
China
Locomotives of the hood unit type in China are:
China Railways DF2
China Railways DF4DD
China Railways DF5
China Railways DF7
China Railways DF7B
China Railways DF7C
China Railways DF7E
China Railways DF7G
China Railways DF10DD
China Railways DF12
China Railways HXN3B
China Railways HXN5
China Railways HXN5B
South Korea
Korail DEL2000 series (EMD SW8, EMD-GMC, USA, Introduced in 1951 by US army during Korea War and donated to Korea National Railroad, DEL2001, the first locomotive, is conserved as a cultural property)
Korail DEL2100 series (EMD SW1000, EMD-GMC, USA, Introduced in 1969)
Korail DEL3000 series (EMD G8, EMD-GMC, USA, Introduced in 1958)
Korail DEL3100, 3200 series (DL532, ALCO, USA, Introduced in 1966, Configured by EMD-GMC components after defunct of ALCO)
Korail DEL4000,4100,4300 series (EMD G12, EMD-GMC, USA, Introduced in 1963)
Korail DEL4200 series (EMD G22, EMD-GMC, USA, Introduced in 1967)
Korail DEL4400 series (GT18B-M, Hyundai Rotem, South Korea, Introduced in 2001)
Korail DEL5000 series (EMD SD9, EMD-GMC, USA, Introduced in 1957)
Korail DEL6000 series (EMD SD18, EMD-GMC, USA, Introduced in 1963)
Korail DEL6100 series (EMD SDP28, EMD-GM, USA, Introduced in 1966)
Korail DEL6200 series (EMD SDP38, EMD-GM, USA, Introduced in 1967)
Korail DEL6300 series (G26CW, EMD-GM, USA, Introduced in 1969)
Korail DEL7100, 7200, 7500 series (GT26CW, EMD-GM, USA, Introduced in 1975)
Korail DEL7300, 7400 series (GT26CW-2, Hyundai Rotem, South Korea, Introduced in 1989, Licensed Production)
Indonesia
= Freight-oriented units
=BB202 (EMD G18)
CC202 (EMD G26)
CC205 (EMD GT38ACe)
= Passenger-oriented units
=BB203 (GE U18A1A)
CC203 (GE U20C)
BB200 (EMD G8)
BB201 (EMD G12)
BB204
= Mixed units
=BB302 (Indonesian Railways Class BB302)
BB303 (Indonesian Railways Class BB302)
BB305
CC201 (GE U18C)
CC206
CC204
= Shunter units
=BB300
BB306
D300
D301
C300
References
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Gérard Oury
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