- Source: House of de Vere
The House of de Vere was an old and powerful English aristocratic family who derived their name from Ver (department Manche, canton Gavray), in Lower Normandy, France.
History
The family's Norman founder in England, Aubrey (Albericus) de Vere, appears in Domesday Book (1086) as the holder of a large fief in Essex, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire. His son and heir Aubrey II became Lord Great Chamberlain of England, an hereditary office, in 1133. His grandson Aubrey III became Earl of Oxford in the reign of King Stephen, but while his earldom had been granted by the Empress Matilda and eventually recognised by Stephen, it was not until January 1156 that it was formally recognised by Henry II and he began to receive the third penny of justice (one-third of the revenue of the shire court) from Oxfordshire.
For many centuries the family was headed by the Earl of Oxford until the death of the 20th Earl in 1703.
When John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford died suddenly in 1562, the de Vere estates were encumbered with debts and the young heir entered into the feudal wardship system of the young Queen Elizabeth I, placed under "protection and authority" of the Court of Wards and Liveries and was sent to live in the household of her principal advisor, Sir William Cecil.
Among the offices the family held besides that of Lord Great Chamberlain was the forestership of Essex, and they founded the Essex religious houses of Colne Priory, Hatfield Broad Oak Priory, and Castle Hedingham Priory. Macaulay described the family as "the longest and most illustrious line of nobles that England has seen", and Tennyson's poem "Lady Clara Vere de Vere" made the name synonymous with ancient blood.
Notable family members
Aubrey de Vere I (died c. 1112), a tenant-in-chief in England of William the Conqueror
Aubrey de Vere II (c. 1080–1141), Lord Great Chamberlain of England
Aubrey de Vere III (c. 1115–1194), first Earl of Oxford
Rohese de Vere, Countess of Essex (c. 1110–1169 or after), founder of Chicksands Priory, Bedfordshire
William de Vere (1120–1198), Bishop of Hereford and author of a saint's life
Guy of Valence (fl. 1230s), supposed by Robert Steele, probably mistakenly, to have been a de Vere
Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland (1362–1392), ninth Earl of Oxford and a favourite of King Richard II
Bridget de Vere (1584–1630/31), Countess of Berkshire
Diana Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans (née Lady Diana de Vere, c. 1679–1742), courtier and Mistress of the Robes to Caroline, Princess of Wales
Frances Howard, Countess of Surrey (née de Vere, c. 1517–1577)
Susan de Vere, Countess of Montgomery (1587–1628/29)
Francis Vere (1560–1609), an English soldier, famed for his military career in the Low Countries
Horace Vere, 1st Baron Vere of Tilbury (1565–1635), a military leader during the Eighty Years' War and the Thirty Years' War
Mary de Vere (died c. 1624), a noblewoman
Twenty males headed the family as Earl of Oxford from 1141 to 1703:
Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford (c. 1115–1194)
Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford (c. 1164–1214)
Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford (c. 1173–1221), one of the 25 barons of Magna Carta
Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford (c. 1208–1263)
Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford (1240–1296) (forfeit 1265, restored soon afterwards)
Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford (1257–1331)
John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford (1312–1360)
Thomas de Vere, 8th Earl of Oxford (1337–1371)
Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford (1362–1392) (forfeit 1388) first Marquess in England: Marquess of Dublin, later Duke of Ireland
Aubrey de Vere, 10th Earl of Oxford (1340–1400) (restored 1393)
Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford (1385–1417)
John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (1408–1462)
John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford (1442–1513) (forfeit 1475, restored 1485) commander of the army of Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth Field
John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford (1499–1526)
John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford (1482–1540), first protestant earl of Oxford, known as 'the good earl', patronised a company of players for which he commissioned John Bale to write
John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford (1516–1562)
Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (1550–1604), patron of the arts, noted poet and playwright. He was one of Elizabeth’s great favourites. Oxfordians believe him to be the writer of at least some of the works attributed to William Shakespeare.
Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford (1593–1625)
Robert de Vere, 19th Earl of Oxford (1575–1632)
Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford (1627–1703) (dormant 1703), died in 10 Downing Street with no sons and only one surviving daughter, Diana de Vere, who married the 1st Duke of St Albans.
Genealogy
This summary genealogical tree shows how the house of de Vere is related:
Coats of arms
Arms of notable members of the de Vere family:
Other properties associated with the De Vere family
Bure/Bura, a town split between two counties: the smaller half is in Suffolk, on the north side of the River Stour, known as Bures St Mary − there are the remains of the tombs of the 5th, 8th and 11th earls. The other half is in Essex, known as Bures Hamlet.
Hatfield Broad Oak Priory in Essex − there is the tomb of Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford
De Vere House (known as the Harry Potter house) in Lavenham, Suffolk
Montacute House in South Somerset − which houses most of the family portraits
10 Downing Street – built and once owned by the De Vere family
See also
De Vere (disambiguation), other people with the surname de Vere
Vere (disambiguation), other people with the surname Vere
De Vere Pedigree from the De Vere Society Archived 9 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine
References
Further reading
Verily Anderson, The De Veres of Castle Hedingham (Terence Dalton, 1993)
Severne A. Ashhurst Majendie, Some Account of the Family of De Vere, the Earls of Oxford, and Castle Hedingham in Essex (Davey, 1904) 2nd edition enlarged
James Ross, John de Vere, Thirteenth Earl of Oxford (1442-1513): 'The Foremost Man of the Kingdom' (Boydell Press, 2011)
External links
Media related to De Vere family at Wikimedia Commons
Texts on Wikisource:
"Vere, Family of". Dictionary of National Biography. 1885–1900.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Aubrey de Vere
- Alfred, Lord Tennyson
- The House of the Devil (film 1896)
- Anonymous (film 2011)
- The Vanishing Lady
- James Charles Stuart
- The Mysterious Knight
- Brad Pitt
- Roland Emmerich
- Protestanisme
- House of de Vere
- De Vere
- Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford
- Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford
- Aubrey Thomas de Vere
- William de Vere
- Margaret de Vere
- Stephen de Vere
- De Vere baronets
- Duke of St Albans
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