• Source: Inter-process communication

In computer science, inter-process communication (IPC), also spelled interprocess communication, are the mechanisms provided by an operating system for processes to manage shared data. Typically, applications can use IPC, categorized as clients and servers, where the client requests data and the server responds to client requests. Many applications are both clients and servers, as commonly seen in distributed computing.
IPC is very important to the design process for microkernels and nanokernels, which reduce the number of functionalities provided by the kernel. Those functionalities are then obtained by communicating with servers via IPC, leading to a large increase in communication when compared to a regular monolithic kernel. IPC interfaces generally encompass variable analytic framework structures. These processes ensure compatibility between the multi-vector protocols upon which IPC models rely.
An IPC mechanism is either synchronous or asynchronous. Synchronization primitives may be used to have synchronous behavior with an asynchronous IPC mechanism.




Disadvantages


Merging data from two processes can often incur significantly higher costs compared to processing the same data on a single thread, potentially by two or more orders of magnitude due to overheads such as inter-process communication and synchronization.




Approaches


Different approaches to IPC have been tailored to different software requirements, such as performance, modularity, and system circumstances such as network bandwidth and latency.




Applications






= Remote procedure call interfaces

=

Java's Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
ONC RPC
XML-RPC or SOAP
JSON-RPC
Message Bus (Mbus) (specified in RFC 3259) (not to be confused with M-Bus)
.NET Remoting
gRPC




= Platform communication stack

=
The following are messaging, and information systems that utilize IPC mechanisms but don't implement IPC themselves:




= Operating system communication stack

=
The following are platform or programming language-specific APIs:




= Distributed object models

=
The following are platform or programming language specific-APIs that use IPC, but do not themselves implement it:




See also



Berkeley sockets
Computer network programming
Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP paradigm)
Data Distribution Service
Database-as-IPC
Protected procedure call




References






External links


Linux ipc(5) man page describing System V IPC
Windows IPC
IPC available using Qt
Unix Network Programming (Vol 2: Interprocess Communications) by W. Richard Stevens
Interprocess Communication and Pipes in C
DIPC, Distributed System V IPC

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