• Source: January 2

January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 363 days remain until the end of the year (364 in leap years).




Events






= Pre-1600

=
69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empire.
533 – Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.
1492 – Reconquista: The Emirate of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, surrenders.




= 1601–1900

=
1680 – Trunajaya rebellion: Amangkurat II of Mataram and his bodyguards execute the rebel leader Trunajaya.
1777 – American Revolutionary War: American forces under the command of George Washington repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek near Trenton, New Jersey.
1788 – Georgia becomes the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
1791 – Big Bottom massacre in the Ohio Country, North America, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War.
1818 – The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president.
1865 – Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as the Brazilians and Coloradans capture Paysandú, Uruguay.
1900 – American statesman and diplomat John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.
1900 – Chicago Canal opens.




= 1901–present

=
1920 – The second Palmer Raid, ordered by the US Department of Justice, results in 6,000 suspected communists and anarchists being arrested and held without trial.
1921 – World premiere of the science fiction play R.U.R. by the Czech writer Karel Čapek in a theater in Hradec Králové.
1941 – World War II: The Cardiff Blitz severely damages the cathedral in Cardiff, Wales.
1942 – The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) obtains the conviction of 33 members of a German spy ring headed by Fritz Joubert Duquesne in the largest espionage case in United States history; Also known as the Duquesne Spy Ring.
1942 – World War II: Manila is captured by Japanese forces, enabling them to control the Philippines.
1949 – Luis Muñoz Marín is inaugurated as the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico.
1954 – India establishes its highest civilian awards, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan.
1955 – Following the assassination of the Panamanian president José Antonio Remón Cantera, his deputy, José Ramón Guizado, takes power, but is quickly deposed after his involvement in Cantera's death is discovered.
1959 – Luna 1, the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and to orbit the Sun, is launched by the Soviet Union.
1963 – Vietnam War: The Viet Cong wins its first major victory, at the Battle of Ap Bac.
1967 – Ronald Reagan, past movie actor and future President of the United States, is sworn in as Governor of California.
1971 – The second Ibrox disaster kills 66 fans at a Rangers-Celtic association football (soccer) match.
1974 – United States President Richard Nixon signs a bill lowering the maximum U.S. speed limit to 55 mph in order to conserve gasoline during an OPEC embargo.
1975 – At the opening of a new railway line, a bomb blast at Samastipur, Bihar, India, fatally wounds Lalit Narayan Mishra, Minister of Railways.
1975 – The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by the United States Congress.
1976 – The Gale of January 1976 begins, resulting in coastal flooding around the southern North Sea coasts, affecting countries from Ireland to Yugoslavia and causing at least 82 deaths and US$1.3 billion in damage.
1978 – On the orders of the President of Pakistan, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, paramilitary forces opened fire on peaceful protesting workers in Multan, Pakistan; it is known as 1978 massacre at Multan Colony Textile Mills.
1981 – One of the largest investigations by a British police force ends when serial killer Peter Sutcliffe, the "Yorkshire Ripper", is arrested in Sheffield, South Yorkshire.
1988 – Condor Flugdienst Flight 3782 crashes near Seferihisar, Turkey, killing 16 people.
1991 – Sharon Pratt Dixon becomes the first African American woman mayor of a major city and first woman Mayor of the District of Columbia.
1993 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The Sri Lanka Navy kill 35–100 civilians on the Jaffna Lagoon.
2004 – Stardust successfully flies past Comet Wild 2, collecting samples that are returned to Earth.
2019 – Adventist Health System and its subsidiaries rebranded to AdventHealth.
2022 – Massive nationwide protests and unrest break out in Kazakhstan over the sudden increase of liquefied petroleum gas prices, leaving over 200 people dead and thousands injured.
2024 – Two aircraft collide on a runway at Haneda Airport in Tokyo, killing 5 and injuring 15.




Births






= Pre-1600

=
869 – Yōzei, Japanese emperor (d. 949)
1462 – Piero di Cosimo, Italian painter (d. 1522)
1509 – Henry of Stolberg, German nobleman (d. 1572)




= 1601–1900

=
1642 – Mehmed IV, Ottoman sultan (d. 1693)
1647 – Nathaniel Bacon, English-American rebel leader (d. 1676)
1699 – Osman III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1757)
1713 – Marie Dumesnil, French actress (d. 1803)
1727 – James Wolfe, English general (d. 1759)
1732 – František Brixi, Czech organist and composer (d. 1771)
1777 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor and educator (d. 1857)
1803 – Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1869)
1822 – Rudolf Clausius, Polish-German physicist and mathematician (d. 1888)
1827 – Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, Russian geographer and statistician (d. 1914)
1833 – Frederick A. Johnson, American banker and politician (d. 1893)
1836 – Mendele Mocher Sforim, Russian author (d. 1917)
1836 – Queen Emma of Hawaii (d. 1885)
1837 – Mily Balakirev, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1910)
1857 – M. Carey Thomas, American educator and activist (d. 1935)
1860 – Dugald Campbell Patterson, Canadian engineer (d. 1931)
1860 – William Corless Mills, American historian and curator (d. 1928)
1866 – Gilbert Murray, Australian-English playwright and scholar (d. 1957)
1870 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor and playwright (d. 1938)
1870 – Tex Rickard, American boxing promoter and businessman (d. 1929)
1873 – Antonie Pannekoek, Dutch astronomer and theorist (d. 1960)
1873 – Thérèse of Lisieux, French nun and saint (d. 1897)
1878 – Jaakko Mäki, Finnish politician (d. 1938)
1878 – Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai, Indian activist, founded the Nair Service Society (d. 1970)
1884 – Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-Israeli historian and politician, 4th Israeli Minister of Education (d. 1973)
1885 – Gordon Flowerdew, Canadian lieutenant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1918)
1886 – Apsley Cherry-Garrard, English explorer and author (d. 1959)
1889 – Bertram Stevens, Australian accountant and politician, 25th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1973)
1891 – Giovanni Michelucci, Italian architect and urban planner, designed the Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station (d. 1990)
1892 – Seiichiro Kashio, Japanese tennis player (d. 1962)
1895 – Folke Bernadotte, Swedish diplomat (d. 1948)
1896 – Dziga Vertov, Polish-Russian director and screenwriter (d. 1954)
1896 – Lawrence Wackett, Australian commander and engineer (d. 1982)
1897 – Theodore Plucknett, English legal historian (d. 1965)
1900 – Una Ledingham, British physician, known for research on diabetes in pregnancy (d. 1965)




= 1901–present

=
1901 – Bob Marshall, American activist, co-founded The Wilderness Society (d. 1939)
1902 – Dan Keating, Irish Republican Army volunteer (d. 2007)
1903 – Kane Tanaka, Japanese Supercentenarian, Oldest Japanese person ever, Second oldest verified person in world history (d. 2022)
1904 – Walter Heitler, German physicist and chemist (d. 1981)
1905 – Michael Tippett, English composer and conductor (d. 1998)
1905 – Luigi Zampa, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 1991)
1909 – Riccardo Cassin, Italian mountaineer and author (d. 2009)
1909 – Barry Goldwater, American politician, businessman, and author (d. 1998)
1913 – Juanita Jackson Mitchell, American lawyer and activist (d. 1992)
1913 – Anna Lee, English-American actress (d. 2004)
1917 – Vera Zorina, German-Norwegian actress and dancer (d. 2003)
1918 – Willi Graf, German physician and activist (d. 1943)
1919 – Ernest Bender, American Indologist (d. 1996)
1919 – Beatrice Hicks, American engineer (d. 1979)
1920 (probable) – Isaac Asimov, American writer and professor of biochemistry (d. 1992)
1920 – Bob Feerick, American basketball player and coach (d. 1976)
1921 – Glen Harmon, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
1926 – Gino Marchetti, American football player (d. 2019)
1928 – Dan Rostenkowski, American politician (d. 2010)
1929 – Charles Beaumont, screenwriter and American author of speculative fiction (d. 1967)
1929 – Tellervo Koivisto, Finnish politician, former First Lady of Finland
1931 – Toshiki Kaifu, Japanese lawyer and politician, 76th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2022)
1934 – John Hollowbread, English footballer, goalkeeper (d. 2007)
1936 – Roger Miller, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (d. 1992)
1938 – David Bailey, English photographer and painter
1938 – Lynn Conway, American computer scientist and electrical engineer (d. 2024)
1938 – Robert Smithson, American sculptor and photographer (d. 1973)
1940 – Jim Bakker, American televangelist
1940 – Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian economist and politician, Saudi Arabian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2015)
1942 – Thomas Hammarberg, Swedish lawyer and diplomat
1942 – Dennis Hastert, American educator and politician, 59th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
1943 – Janet Akyüz Mattei, Turkish-American astronomer (d. 2004)
1944 – Charlie Davis, Trinidadian cricketer
1944 – Péter Eötvös, Hungarian composer and conductor (d. 2024)
1944 – Norodom Ranariddh, Cambodian field marshal and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Cambodia (d. 2021)
1947 – Jack Hanna, American zoologist and author
1947 – Calvin Hill, American football player
1947 – David Shapiro, American poet, historian, and critic (d. 2024)
1948 – Judith Miller, American journalist
1948 – Deborah Watling, English actress (d. 2017)
1949 – Christopher Durang, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 2024)
1949 – Iris Marion Young, American political scientist and academic (d. 2006)
1952 – Indulis Emsis, Latvian biologist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Latvia
1952 – Wendy Phillips, American actress
1954 – Henry Bonilla, American broadcaster and politician
1954 – Évelyne Trouillot, Haitian playwright and author
1961 – Gabrielle Carteris, American actress
1961 – Paula Hamilton, English model
1961 – Todd Haynes, American film director, screenwriter, and producer
1961 – Craig James, American football player and sportscaster
1961 – Robert Wexler, American lawyer and politician
1963 – David Cone, American baseball player and sportscaster
1963 – Edgar Martínez, American baseball player
1964 – Chris Welp, German-American basketball player (d. 2015)
1964 – Pernell Whitaker, American boxer (d. 2019)
1965 – Francois Pienaar, South African rugby player
1967 – Tia Carrere, American actress
1967 – Jón Gnarr, Icelandic actor and politician; 20th Mayor of Reykjavík
1968 – Cuba Gooding, Jr., American actor and producer
1968 – Anky van Grunsven, Dutch dressage champion
1969 – István Bagyula, Hungarian pole vaulter
1969 – William Fox-Pitt, English horse rider and journalist
1969 – Róbert Švehla, Slovak ice hockey player
1969 – Christy Turlington, American model
1970 – Eric Whitacre, American composer and conductor
1971 – Taye Diggs, American actor and singer
1971 – Renée Elise Goldsberry, American actress
1972 – Rodney MacDonald, Canadian educator and politician, 26th Premier of Nova Scotia
1972 – Shiraz Minwalla, Indian theoretical physicist and string theorist
1972 – Mattias Norström, Swedish ice hockey player and manager
1974 – Ludmila Formanová, Czech runner
1974 – Juha Lind, Finnish ice hockey player
1974 – Tomáš Řepka, Czech footballer
1975 – Dax Shepard, American actor
1975 – Jeff Suppan, American baseball player
1975 – Reuben Thorne, New Zealand rugby player
1976 – Paz Vega, Spanish actress
1977 – Brian Boucher, American ice hockey player and sportscaster
1977 – Stefan Koubek, Austrian tennis player
1979 – Jonathan Greening, English footballer
1980 – David Gyasi, British actor
1981 – Kirk Hinrich, American basketball player
1981 – Maxi Rodríguez, Argentine footballer
1983 – Kate Bosworth, American actress
1983 – Anthony Carrigan, American actor
1987 – Shelley Hennig, American actress and model
1987 – Robert Milsom, English footballer
1988 – Luke Harangody, American basketball player
1988 – Damien Tussac, French-German rugby player
1991 – Ben Hardy, English actor
1992 – Paulo Gazzaniga, Argentine footballer
1992 – Alexey Marchenko, Russian ice hockey player
1992 – Teemu Pulkkinen, Finnish ice hockey player
1992 – Korbin Sims, Australian-Fijian rugby league player
1993 – Bryson Tiller, American singer and rapper
1994 – Ronald Darby, American football player
1996 – Jonah Bolden, Australian-American basketball player
1998 – Tfue, American online streamer
1998 – Timothy Fosu-Mensah, Dutch footballer
1999 – Georgios Kalaitzakis, Greek basketball player
1999 – Fernando Tatís Jr., Dominican baseball player
2002 – Spencer Arrighetti, American baseball player




Deaths






= Pre-1600

=
951 – Liu Chengyou, Emperor Yin of the Later Han (b. 931)
951 – Su Fengji, Chinese official and chancellor
1096 – William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and chief counsellor of William II of England
1169 – Bertrand de Blanchefort, sixth Grand Master of the Knights Templar (b. c. 1109)
1184 – Theodora Komnene, Duchess of Austria, daughter of Andronikos Komnenos
1298 – Lodomer, Hungarian prelate, Archbishop of Esztergom
1470 – Heinrich Reuß von Plauen, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
1512 – Svante Nilsson, Sweden politician (b. 1460)
1514 – William Smyth, English bishop and academic (b. 1460)
1543 – Francesco Canova da Milano, Italian composer (b. 1497)
1557 – Pontormo, Italian painter and educator (b. 1494)




= 1601–1900

=
1613 – Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire (b. 1539)
1614 – Luisa Carvajal y Mendoza, Spanish mystical poet and Catholic martyr (b. 1566)
1726 – Domenico Zipoli, Italian organist and composer (b. 1688)
1763 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (b. 1690)
1850 – Manuel de la Peña y Peña, Mexican lawyer and 20th President (1847) (b. 1789)
1861 – Frederick William IV of Prussia (b. 1795)
1892 – George Biddell Airy, English mathematician and astronomer (b. 1801)




= 1901–present

=
1904 – James Longstreet, American general and diplomat (b. 1821)
1913 – Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
1915 – Karl Goldmark, Hungarian violinist and composer (b. 1830)
1917 – Léon Flameng, French cyclist (b. 1877)
1920 – Paul Adam, French author (b. 1862)
1924 – Sabine Baring-Gould, English author and scholar (b. 1834)
1939 – Roman Dmowski, Polish politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1864)
1941 – Mischa Levitzki, Russian-American pianist and composer (b. 1898)
1946 – Joe Darling, Australian cricketer and politician (b. 1870)
1950 – James Dooley, Irish-Australian politician, 21st Premier of New South Wales (b. 1877)
1951 – William Campion, English colonel and politician, 21st Governor of Western Australia (b. 1870)
1951 – Edith New, English militant suffragette (b. 1877)
1953 – Guccio Gucci, Italian businessman and fashion designer, founder of Gucci (b. 1881)
1960 – Paul Sauvé, Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Quebec (b. 1907)
1963 – Dick Powell, American actor, singer, and director (b. 1904)
1963 – Jack Carson, Canadian-American actor (b. 1910)
1974 – Tex Ritter, American actor (b. 1905)
1975 – Siraj Sikder, Bangladesh revolutionary leader (b. 1944)
1977 – Erroll Garner, American pianist and composer (b. 1921)
1986 – Una Merkel, American actress (b. 1903)
1987 – Harekrushna Mahatab, Indian journalist and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Odisha (b. 1899)
1989 – Safdar Hashmi, Indian actor, director, and playwright (b. 1954)
1990 – Alan Hale Jr., American film and television actor (b. 1921)
1990 – Evangelos Averoff, Greek historian and politician, Greek Minister for National Defence (b. 1910)
1994 – Dixy Lee Ray, American biologist and politician; 17th Governor of Washington (b. 1914)
1994 – Pierre-Paul Schweitzer, French lawyer and businessman (b. 1915)
1995 – Nancy Kelly, American actress (b. 1921)
1995 – Siad Barre, Somalian general and politician; 3rd President of Somalia (b. 1919)
1999 – Rolf Liebermann, Swiss-French composer and manager (b. 1910)
1999 – Sebastian Haffner, German journalist and author (b. 1907)
2000 – Elmo Zumwalt, American admiral (b. 1920)
2000 – Patrick O'Brian, English author and translator (b. 1914)
2001 – William P. Rogers, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 55th United States Secretary of State (b. 1913)
2005 – Maclyn McCarty, American geneticist and physician (b. 1911)
2006 – Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, Filipino lawyer and jurist (b. 1913)
2006 – Osa Massen, Danish-American actress (b. 1914)
2007 – A. Richard Newton, Australian-American engineer and academic (b. 1951)
2007 – Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, American historian and author (b. 1941)
2007 – Teddy Kollek, Hungarian-Israeli politician, Mayor of Jerusalem (b. 1911)
2008 – George MacDonald Fraser, Scottish journalist and author (b. 1925)
2008 – Lee S. Dreyfus, American politician, Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1926)
2009 – Inger Christensen, Danish poet and author (b. 1935)
2010 – David R. Ross, Scottish historian and author (b. 1958)
2011 – Anne Francis, American actress (b. 1930)
2011 – Bali Ram Bhagat, Indian politician; 16th Governor of Rajasthan (b. 1922)
2011 – Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (b. 1946)
2012 – Gordon Hirabayashi, American-Canadian sociologist and academic (b. 1918)
2012 – Silvana Gallardo, American actress and producer (b. 1953)
2012 – William P. Carey, American businessman and philanthropist, founded W. P. Carey (b. 1930)
2013 – Gerda Lerner, Austrian-American historian, author, and academic (b. 1920)
2013 – Teresa Torańska, Polish journalist and author (b. 1944)
2014 – Bernard Glasser, American director and producer (b. 1924)
2014 – Elizabeth Jane Howard, English author and screenwriter (b. 1923)
2015 – Tihomir Novakov, Serbian-American physicist and academic (b. 1929)
2016 – Ardhendu Bhushan Bardhan, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1924)
2016 – Frances Cress Welsing, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1935)
2016 – Nimr al-Nimr, Saudi Arabian religious leader (b. 1959)
2016 – Gisela Mota Ocampo, mayor of Temixco, Morelos, Mexico, assassinated (b. 1982)
2017 – Jean Vuarnet, French ski racer (b. 1933)
2017 – John Berger, English art critic, novelist and painter (b. 1926)
2018 – Guida Maria, Portuguese actress (b. 1950)
2018 – Thomas S. Monson, American religious leader, 16th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1927)
2019 – Daryl Dragon, American musician (b. 1942)
2019 – Bob Einstein, American actor and comedian (b. 1942)
2019 – Gene Okerlund, American wrestling announcer (b. 1942)
2022 – Richard Leakey, Kenyan paleontologist and politician (b. 1944)
2023 – Ken Block, American rally driver (b. 1967)
2024 – Rizal Ramli, Indonesian politician (b. 1954)




Holidays and observances


Ancestry Day (Haiti)
Berchtold's Day (Switzerland)
Christian feast day:
Basil the Great (Catholic Church and Church of England)
Gregory of Nazianzus (Catholic Church)
Macarius of Alexandria
Seraphim of Sarov (Eastern Orthodox Church)
Vedanayagam Samuel Azariah (Episcopal Church)
January 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Kaapse Klopse (Cape Town, South Africa)
The first day of Blacks and Whites' Carnival, celebrated until January 7 (Colombia)
The ninth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity)




References






External links



BBC: On This Day

The New York Times: On This Day
Historical Events on January 2

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