• Source: Laister-Kauffman TG-4

The Laister-Kauffmann TG-4 (designated LK-10 Yankee Doodle 2 by its designer) is a sailplane produced in the United States during the Second World War for training cargo glider pilots. It was a conventional sailplane design with a fuselage of steel tube construction and wooden wings and tail, covered all over with fabric. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem under a long canopy.




Design and development



Jack Laister designed the aircraft in response to the formation of the United States Army Air Corps' American Glider Program in 1941, basing it on his Yankee Doodle design of 1938 for Lawrence Tech. Aside from the addition of a second seat, the Yankee Doodle 2 differed from its predecessor by having wings of constant dihedral instead of gull wings. The USAAC expressed interest, but only if Laister could arrange for the manufacture of the type. When Laister found a sponsor in businessman John Kauffmann, they established the Laister-Kauffmann Corporation in St Louis, Missouri and the USAAC ordered three prototypes as the XTG-4.
When evaluation of the type proved positive, the Army placed an order for 75 aircraft, followed by an order for another 75. These were operated as the TG-4A. All had been withdrawn from service prior to the end of the war when it was discovered that the flight characteristics of the aircraft were so different to those of a cargo glider, that the experience gained on the TG-4 was not particularly relevant. After the war many were sold as surplus and helped build civilian gliding in the USA.




Variants


XTG-4 – prototypes (three built)
TG-4A – production model (150 built)
TG-4B – civilian aircraft impressed into service (one impressed)




Operators


LK-10 Serial #48 registered as N53619 owned and flown by Doug Fronius of Poway, California, USA as of 2023. Based at Mountain Valley Airport in Tehachapi, California.
LK-10 Serial #106 under prefix PT-PAZ operated by Aeroclube de Bauru in Brazil as of April 2013

This glider crashed on March 10, 2020.
LK-10 Serial # unk operating at Rockton, Ontario (CF-AZJ) as of Apr, 2022

LK-10 Serial #23 formerly registered as N53609 currently under restoration to flying condition in Dayton, Ohio, USA as of 2024. Once restored the aircraft will be based at the Caesar Creek Soaring Club in Waynesville, Ohio.




Aircraft on display


42-43688 – TG-4A on static display at the Planes of Fame in Chino, California.
42‐43734 – TG-4A on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio.
42-43740 – TG-4A on static display at the Museum of Aviation at Warner Robins Air Force Base in Warner Robins, Georgia.
42-53078 – TG-4A on static display at the Air Mobility Command Museum at Dover Air Force Base near Dover, Delaware.
42-437357 – TG-4A on static display at the National Soaring Museum in Elmira, New York.
42-530727 – TG-4A on static display at the Silent Wings Museum in Lubbock, Texas.
28 – TG-4A on static display at the US Southwest Soaring Museum in Moriarty, New Mexico.
71 – TG-4A on static display at the Southern Museum of Flight in Birmingham, Alabama.
42-53072 – TG-4A on static display at the Military Aviation Museum in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
LK-10A on static display at the Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum in Maryland Heights, Missouri.
LK-10A on static display at the Port Townsend Aero Museum in Port Townsend, Washington.
USAAF 84.42-53027 at Gliding Heritage Centre




Specifications (LK-10 / TG-4A)


Data from The World's Sailplanes:Die Segelflugzeuge der Welt:Les Planeurs du Monde Volume IIGeneral characteristics
Crew: 2
Length: 21 ft 4 in (6.5 m)
Wingspan: 50 ft 0 in (15.24 m)
Height: 3 ft 7.9 in (1.115 m) at cockpit
Wing area: 164 sq ft (15.2 m2)
Aspect ratio: 15.1
Airfoil: root – NACA 4418, tip – NACA 4409
Empty weight: 476 lb (216 kg) equipped
Gross weight: 875 lb (397 kg)
Performance

Stall speed: 38 mph (61 km/h, 33 kn)
Never exceed speed: 126 mph (203 km/h, 110 kn) * Rough air speed max: 203 km/h (126.1 mph; 109.6 kn)
Aerotow speed: 203 km/h (126.1 mph; 109.6 kn)
Winch launch speed: 130 km/h (80.8 mph; 70.2 kn)
g limits: +6 -3 at 225 km/h (139.8 mph; 121.5 kn)
Maximum glide ratio: 22 at 80 km/h (49.7 mph; 43.2 kn)
Rate of sink: 191 ft/min (0.97 m/s) at 73 km/h (45.4 mph; 39.4 kn)
Wing loading: 5.4 lb/sq ft (26.5 kg/m2)




See also



Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

DFS Kranich

Related lists

List of gliders




Notes






References






Further reading


Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 563.
Salmi, Reino J. (March 1943). "Gliders for Victory". The Wisconsin Engineer. 47 (6): 8–9. Retrieved 2008-09-16. (uncorrected OCR)




External links



Laister-Kauffmann TG-4A – National Museum of the United States Air Force
Sailplane Directory entry on the LK-10
LTU timeline
Air Mobility Command museum
Aircraft/laister-kauffman_tg-4a.htm Museum of Aviation
The Air Mobility Command Museum

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