• Source: List of active separatist movements in Africa

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.




Criteria


What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

They are active movements with active members.
They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).




Algeria



Kabylia

Ethnic group: Kabyle Berbers
Proposed state: Kabylia and various other Berber states: Chenoui, Southern Algeria, Mzab
Government-in-exile: Kabyle Provisional Government (ANAVAD AQVAYLI UΣḌIL).
Movement leader: Ferhat Mehenni.
Political party: Movement for the self-determination of Kabylie (MAK). Southern Algeria Liberation Front
Kabylia is a charter member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)
Kabylia is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States




Angola



Central-Eastern Angola

Ethnic group: Lunda-Tchokwé people
Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Lunda-Tchokwé
Government-in-exile: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé,
Political party: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé
Advocacy groups: Mulher Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé, Pioneiros Unidos da Lunda-Tchokwé, Juventude Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé, Manifesto Jurídico Sociológico do Povo Lunda-Tchokwé
Cabinda

Ethnic group: Bakongo
Proposed state: Republic of Cabinda
Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC), Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda
Militant organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC)
Status: Ongoing low-intensity war
Cabinda is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States




Botswana



Ngamiland

Ethnic group: Masubia, Nzanza, Mbowe, Makalahari, MaYeyi, Mampukushu, Makwengari, Mambunda, Matotela, Batoka, Mafwe, Barotse, Leya, Nanzwa, Lujana, Dombe
Advocacy group: Movement for the Survival of the River Races of Zambesia
Proposed state: Zambesia




Cameroon



Ambazonia

Ethnic group: Anglophones of the former Southern Cameroons, consisting of over 80 ethnic groups
Population: ~4 million people
Proposed state: Federal Republic of Ambazonia
Advocacy group: Interim Government of Ambazonia, Ambazonia Governing Council and others
Militant groups: Ambazonia Self-Defence Council, Ambazonia Defence Forces, SOCADEF, other smaller militias
Status: Ongoing civil war
Ambazonia is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States

Bakassi

People: Oron
Population: 150,000–300,000 people (subject of dispute)
Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi
Militant groups: Bakassi Movement for Self-Determination
Status: Active insurgency until 2009, isolated incidents until 2015




Central African Republic



Dar El Kuti (Republic of Logone)

Ethnic group: Muslims in the Central African Republic
Proposed state: Dar al-Kuti
Advocacy group and militant organization: Séléka
Status: Ongoing civil war, effectively a proto-state
Dar El Kuti is a self-proclaimed state supported by the Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC), a Muslim rebel movement in the Central African Republic.




Comoros



Anjouan

Ethnic group: people of Anjouan
Proposed state: Anjouan
Political party: Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais
Mohéli

ethnic group: Mohélians
proposed: independence for Mohéli




Republic of the Congo


South Congo (Brazzaville)

Ethnic group: South Congolese
Advocacy group: Provisional Assembly and governance of the State of South Congo
Proposed state: State of South Congo




Democratic Republic of the Congo



Bas-Congo

Advocacy group: Bundu dia Kongo
Proposed state: Kingdom of Kongo

Katanga

Political parties: Union of Independent Federalists and Republicans
Militant organizations: Mai Mai Kata Katanga
Katanga is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States




Egypt



Coptic nationalism

Ethnic group: Coptic people
Proposed autonomous area: Sahid




Eritrea


Southern Red Sea Region

Ethnic group: Afar people, Saho people
Proposed autonomous area: Dankalia or unification with Ethiopia
Advocacy groups: Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation, Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama, Saho People's Democratic Movement




Equatorial Guinea



Bioko

Ethnic group: Bubi
Proposed state: Bioko Island
Advocacy group: Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island

Annobón

Ethnic group: Portuguese Africans
Proposed state: Republic of Annobón
Advocacy group: Free Annobón




Ethiopia



Ogaden
( Somali Region)

Proposed state: Ogadenia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) or unification with Somalia
Political party: Ogaden National Liberation Front

Oromia

Proposed state or autonomous area: Oromia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
Militant organizations: Oromo Liberation Front, Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia
Advocacy group: Qeerroo

Tigray

Proposed state or autonomous area: Tigray
Political party: Tigray Independence Party

Sidama

Proposed: Self-determination and/or autonomy for the Sidama people
Militant organization: Sidama National Liberation Front

Amhara

ethnic group: Amhara people
proposed: self determination and/or autonomy for Amhara
political party: National Movement of Amhara
status: Ongoing
Afar Region

ethnic group: Afar people
proposed: independence for the Afar Region
political party: Afar Liberation Front (former militant organization)
militant organization: Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front




France



Réunion

Political party: Lorganizasion Popilèr po Libèr nout Péi (Lplp) – Popular Front for National Liberation: composed of Nasion Rénioné, Mar, Drapo rouz, Patriot rénioné and Mir.
Political party: Communist Party of Réunion
Proposed state: Republic of Zabon
Mayotte continues to have autonomist and separatist movements despite the island having voted to become France's 101st department in 2011.




Ghana



Western Togoland

Proposed state: Western Togoland
Militant organizations: Western Togoland Restoration Front (member of UNPO)




Kenya


Mombasa
Proposed state: Coast Province, Mombasa Republic
Political party: Mombasa Republican Council
Status: Active
Mombasa Republic is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States
Rift Valley, Western Province, Nyanza

Proposed State or autonomous region: People's Republic of Kenya
Political Party: Azimio la Umoja




Libya



Cyrenaica

Ethnic group: Arabs,
Proposed autonomous region or state: Cyrenaica
Political party: Cyrenaica Transitional Council
South Libya

Ethnic group: Toubou
Proposed autonomy for: Toubouland
Militant organisations: Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya




Malawi


Nyika

Proposed state: Northern Nyika Republic
Political party: The Peoples Party




Mali



Azawad

Ethnic group: Tuareg
Proposed state or autonomous area: Azawad
Political party: Coordination of Azawad Movements, which includes MNLA
Militant organisations: National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
Azawad is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States
Massina

Ethnic group: Fula
Proposed state: Massina Empire
Militant organizations: Katiba Macina




Mauritius



Rodrigues

Ethnic group: Rodriguan
Proposed greater autonomous area or state: Rodrigues
Political party: Rodrigues People's Organisation




Morocco



Rif

Ethnic group: Riffian Berbers
Proposed state: Republic of the Rif
Political party: Riffian National Party
Militant organisation(s): Riffian National Party
Started in Morocco during the 1920s, and was revitalized in 2013. The Rif Independence Movement is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States.




Namibia



Caprivi Strip

Ethnic group: Masubia, Nzanza, Mbowe, Makalahari, MaYeyi, Mampukushu, Makwengari, Mambunda, Matotela, Batoka, Mafwe, Barotse, Leya, Nanzwa, Lujana, Dombe
Advocacy group: Movement for the Survival of the River Races of Zambesia
Militant organization: Caprivi Liberation Army
Political party: Caprivi National African Union, United Democratic Party
Proposed state: Zambesia or Caprivi Strip or Barotseland
Rehoboth area

Ethnic group: Baster
Proposed autonomous area: Rehoboth area
Political party: The United People`s Movement (UPM) Rehoboth Basters (Member of the UNPO)




Nigeria



Biafra

Ethnic group: Igbo, Anioma, Igede, Igala, Idoma, Ijaw, Kalabari, Ibibio, and Ogoni.
Proposed state: Republic of Biafra (defunct)
Separatist movements: The Indigenous People of Biafra, Biafra Zionist Movement, Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra
Militant organization: Eastern Security Network
Government in exile: Biafran Government in exile
Biafra is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States
Republic of Oduduwa

Ethnic group: Yorùbá ethnic groups in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo, Osun, Kwara, Òkun in Kogi states in Nigeria, Itsekiris in Delta state and Akoko in Edo state.
Proposed state: Republic of Oduduwa
Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
Civic organizations: Ilana Omo Oodua, Nigerian Indigenous Nationalities Alliance for Self-Determination(NINAS)
Movement leaders: Professor Stephen Adebanji Akintoye, Sunday Igboho
O'odua Grand Alliance for Independence & Oodua People's Congress Ogafi.org
Status: Constitutional Force Majeure

Niger Delta

Ethnic group: Urhobo, Isoko, Itsekiri, Ijaw, Ukwuani, Edo, Esan, Ogoni, Kalabari and many more.
Proposed: Autonomous regionalism: Niger Delta Republic was declared in February 1965 by Isaac Adaka Boro, but failed to be established and remains an inspiration if not an aspiration.
Movement: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) formed in 2006 for the self-determination of the people of the Niger Delta
Militant groups: Niger Delta Avengers, Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate, Niger Delta Vigilante, Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force (NDPVF),
Status: Ongoing war

Arewa

Ethnic group: Hausa people, Kanuri people
Proposed State or Autonomous Area: Arewa Republic
Political organisations Arewa Consultative Forum
Rivers State

Ethnic group: Ogoni people
Proposed autonomous region: Ogoniland
Advocacy group: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
Kingdom of Benin

ethnic group: Edo people, Yoruba People, Igbo people
proposed: re establishment of the Kingdom of Benin
political party: United Kingdom of Great Benin




Portugal


Madeira

ethnic group: Madeiran
proposed: greater autonomy for Madeira
political party: Together for the People




Senegal



Casamance

Ethnic group: Diola
Proposed state: Republic of Casamance
Militant organization: Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance




Somalia



Somaliland

Ethnic group: Somali
De facto state: Somaliland
Political organisations: Government of Somaliland
Militant organisation: Somaliland Armed Forces
Jubaland

ethnic group: Somali
proposed: creation of an independent or greater autonomous state of Jubaland to act as a buffer state between Kenya and Somalia
political party: Somali Patriotic Movement
Country advocating for an independent or autonomous Jubaland: Kenya




South Africa



Cape Republic

Proposed state or autonomous area: Cape Republic
Ethnic groups: Cape Coloureds, Afrikaners, Khoisan, Cape Malays, Bantu peoples of South Africa (Primarily Xhosa)
Political parties: Freedom Front Plus Referendum Party Cape Independence Party
Advocacy groups: CapeXit Cape Independence Advocacy Group (CIAG),
Proposed state or autonomous area: Sovereign State of Good Hope
Ethnic groups: Cape Coloureds, Khoisan, Cape Malays, Griqua people
Advocacy Groups: Goringhaicona Khoikhoin Indigenous Traditional Council, First Indigenous Nation of South Africa (FINSA)
Status: Unrecognized
Volkstaat

Ethnic group: Afrikaners
Proposed state or autonomous area: Volkstaat
Political Party: Freedom Front Plus (in parliament and member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization). Outside parliament: National Conservative Party of South Africa, Boerestaat Party, Herstigte Nasionale Party, Afrikaner Self-determination Party.
Advocacy group: Orania Movement
Movement: Boere-Vryheidsbeweging
Status: Accord on Afrikaner self-determination
Zulu Kingdom

Autonomous area: Zulu Kingdom
Political Party: Inkatha Freedom Party, Abantu Batho Congress
Status: Autonomy for traditional African communities and their leaders
Venda

Ethnic group: Vhavenda
Proposed state: Venda
Political Party: Dabalorivhuwa Patriotic Front




Spain



Secessionist movement
Canary Islands

People: Canarians
Proposed state: Republic of the Canary Islands
Political parties (autonomist): Coalición Canaria, Partido Nacionalista Canario, Centro Canario Nacionalista, Nueva Canarias
Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK, Tanekra, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo, National Congress of the Canaries
Trade union: Intersindical Canaria
Youth movement: Azarug
Canary Islands is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States

autonomist
Ceuta

proposed autonomous region: Ceuta
political parties: Movement for Dignity and Citizenship and Ceuta Ya!




Sudan



Darfur

Ethnic group: Fur, Arabs, Zaghawa, Masalit, Tama
Proposed autonomous area: Darfur or proposed unification with Chad
Militant organization: Darfur Liberation Front
Status: War in Darfur
Eastern Sudan

Ethnic group: Beja
Proposed autonomous area or state: Beja state
Political groups: Beja Congress




Tanzania



Zanzibar

Ethnic group: Arabs, Shirazi
Proposed state: Zanzibar
Political party: Civic United Front (member of Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization), Uamsho
Pemba

ethnic group: Bantu People of Pemba
proposed Autonomous region: Pemba
militant organization: Pemba Island Native Army




Uganda



Acholi

Proposed: autonomy within Uganda
Ethnic group: Acholi Traditionalist catholicism Christian nationalism, Acholi Nationalism




United Kingdom



British Indian Ocean Territory

Ethnic group: Chagossian People
Proposed state: Chagos Archipelago or Unification with Mauritius
Political Parliamentary Group: Chagos Islands (BIOT) All Party Parliamentary Group




Zambia


Barotseland

Ethnic group: Barotse
Proposed state: Barotseland
Militant organization: Barotse National Council, Kola Foundation, Cuundu Caitwa, Umodzi Ku'Mawa Forum




Zimbabwe



Matabeleland

Ethnic group: Matabele
Proposed state: Mthwakazi
Militant organization: Mthwakazi Liberation Front (M.L.F.)
Political party: Matabeleland Freedom Party
Revolutionary Movement: Mthwakazi Republic Party (M.R.P)
Matabele is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States




See also


List of conflicts in Africa
Lists of active separatist movements
List of historical separatist movements
Coptic nationalism




Notes






References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• List of active separatist movements in Africa
• Lists of active separatist movements
• List of active separatist movements in North America
• Lists of historical separatist movements
• Separatism
• List of historical separatist movements in Africa
• List of social movements
• List of conflicts in Africa
• List of active national liberation movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations
• Africa