• Source: List of birds of Europe

More than 900 species of birds have been observed in Europe. The avifauna of Europe is broadly similar to that of Asia north of the Himalayas and North Africa, both of which also belong to the Palearctic realm. There are also many groups shared with North America. On the other hand, many groups characteristic of the Afrotropical and Indomalayan realms are entirely absent from Europe, including jacanas, darters, trogons, hornbills, honeyguides, barbets (families Lybiidae in Africa and Megalaimidae in Asia), parrots, pittas, cuckooshrikes, broadbills (families Calyptomenidae and Eurylaimidae), drongos, monarch flycatchers, white-eyes, and estrildid finches (although parrots and estrildid finches have been introduced to Europe by humans).
Two species that occurred in the European region until recently (post 1800) — the great auk and the Canary Islands oystercatcher — are now globally extinct, while one additional species — the slender-billed curlew — may also be extinct. In addition, the common buttonquail has been extirpated from Europe, but survives in Africa and Asia. 71 bird species are considered threatened in Europe.
The following tags have been used to indicate the status of species in Europe. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.

(A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Europe
(E) Endemic - a species endemic to Europe
(Ext) Extinct - a species that no longer exists
(Ex) Extirpated - a species that is extinct in the wild in Europe
(I) Introduced - a species introduced to Europe as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
The taxonomic order follows the IOC World Bird List version 13.1.




Definition of Europe


This article follows a common definition of Europe as being bounded to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, to the east and north-east by the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, and the Caspian Sea, and to the south-east by the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea, and the waterways connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Iceland and Svalbard are included, but Greenland is not. Mediterranean islands are generally included, except for Cyprus and those islands belonging to Turkey or countries of North Africa or the Middle East. The Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands belong politically to Europe, but definitions based on geography or avifauna assign these islands variously to Europe, Africa, or neither of the two. Here, birds that are endemic to these islands, or have been observed only on these islands but not elsewhere in Europe, are labelled accordingly. The same approach is applied to birds occurring only in the Caucasus, which is commonly seen as straddling the border between Europe and Asia. The birds of Cape Verde are not included in this list. Oceans are included up to the limit of 200 nautical miles from the European coastline, or half the distance to Africa, whichever is lesser.
For countries or territories lying wholly within Europe as defined above, species are included in this list if they are classified as Category A, B, or C (or the nearest equivalent) on the relevant national list. For countries that straddle Europe and Asia (in particular Russia and Turkey), the precise location of sightings within that country is determinative.




Ducks, geese, and swans


Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
The swans, ducks and geese are medium to large birds that are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet and bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent. In many ducks the male is colourful while the female is dull brown. The diet consists of a variety of animals and plants. The family is well represented in Europe with many introduced species as well.




Guineafowl


Order: Galliformes Family: Numididae
Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.

Helmeted guineafowl, Numida meleagris (I)




Pheasants and allies


Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
Pheasants and allies are terrestrial species, feeding and nesting on the ground. They are variable in size but generally plump, with broad and relatively short wings.




Nightjars


Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves.

Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (A)
Egyptian nightjar, Caprimulgus aegyptius (A)
European nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus
Red-necked nightjar, Caprimulgus ruficollis




Swifts


Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces.

Alpine swift, Tachymarptis melba
Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica (A)
Common swift, Apus apus
Little swift, Apus affinis
Pacific swift, Apus pacificus (A)
Pallid swift, Apus pallidus
Plain swift, Apus unicolor
White-rumped swift, Apus caffer
White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus (A)




Bustards


Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

Great bustard, Otis tarda
Houbara bustard, Chlamydotis undulata (Canary Islands)
Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax
MacQueen's bustard, Chlamydotis macqueenii (A)




Cuckoos


Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus (A)
Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus
Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius
Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus (A)
Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus (A)




Sandgrouse


Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

Black-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis
Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles exustus (A)
Pallas's sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes paradoxus (A)
Pin-tailed sandgrouse, Pterocles alchata
Spotted sandgrouse, Pterocles senegallus (A)




Pigeons and doves


Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

African collared dove, Streptopelia roseogrisea (I)
Bolle's pigeon, Columba bollii (E-Canary Islands)
Common wood pigeon, Columba palumbus
Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto
European turtle dove, Streptopelia turtur
Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis
Laurel pigeon, Columba junoniae (E-Canary Islands)
Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura (A)
Oriental turtle dove, Streptopelia orientalis (A)
Rock dove, Columba livia
Stock dove, Columba oenas
Trocaz pigeon, Columba trocaz (E-Madeira)




Rails, crakes, and coots


Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.




Cranes


Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Common crane, Grus grus
Demoiselle crane, Grus virgo
Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis (A)
Siberian crane, Leucogeranus leucogeranus




Grebes


Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large diving birds with lobed toes and pointed bills. They are seen mainly on lowland waterbodies and coasts. They feed on aquatic animals and nest on a floating platform of vegetation.

Black-necked grebe, Podiceps nigricollis
Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (A)
Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena




Flamingos


Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus
Lesser flamingo, Phoenicopterus minor (A)




Buttonquail


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

Common buttonquail, Turnix sylvaticus (Ex)




Stone-curlews and thick-knees


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Eurasian stone-curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus




Oystercatchers


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Canary Islands oystercatcher, Haematopus meadewaldoi (Ext-formerly endemic to the Canary Islands)
Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus




Stilts and avocets


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
A family of fairly large wading birds. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta




Plovers


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
Small to medium-sized wading birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.




Egyptian plover


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Pluvianidae
The Egyptian plover is found across equatorial Africa and along the Nile River.

Egyptian plover, Pluvianus aegyptius (A-Canary Islands)




Sandpipers and snipes


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.




Coursers and pratincoles


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni
Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola
Cream-colored courser, Cursorius cursor (Canary Islands, elsewhere A)
Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum (A)




Gulls, terns, and skimmers


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.




Skuas


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (A)
Great skua, Stercorarius skua
Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus




Auks


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae
Auks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

Ancient murrelet, Synthliboramphus antiquus (A)
Atlantic puffin, Fratercula arctica
Black guillemot, Cepphus grylle
Common murre, Uria aalge
Crested auklet, Aethia cristatella (A)
Great auk, Pinguinus impennis (Ext)
Horned puffin, Fratercula corniculata (A)
Little auk, Alle alle
Long-billed murrelet, Brachyramphus perdix (A)
Parakeet auklet, Aethia psittacula (A)
Razorbill, Alca torda
Thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia
Tufted puffin, Fratercula cirrhata (A)




Tropicbirds


Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are a family of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes.

Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus (A)
White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (A-Azores)




Loons


Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.

Black-throated loon, Gavia arctica
Common loon, Gavia immer
Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica (A)
Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii




Austral storm petrels


Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
Austral storm petrels, or southern storm petrels, are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Black-bellied storm petrel, Fregetta tropica (A-Madeira and Canary Islands)
White-faced storm petrel, Pelagodroma marina (Madeira and Canary Islands, elsewhere A)
Wilson's storm petrel, Oceanites oceanicus




Albatrosses


Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest flying birds, with long, narrow wings for gliding. The majority are found in the Southern Hemisphere with only vagrants occurring in the North Atlantic.

Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross, Thalassarche chlororhynchos (A)
Black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris (A)
Tristan albatross, Diomedea dabbenena (A)
Wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans (A)




Northern storm petrels


Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
The northern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, feeding on plankton and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. They nest in colonies on the ground, most often in burrows.

Band-rumped storm petrel, Hydrobates castro
European storm petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus
Leach's storm petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous
Monteiro's storm petrel, Hydrobates monteiroi (Azores)
Swinhoe's storm petrel, Hydrobates monorhis (A)




Petrels, shearwaters, and diving petrels


Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
These are highly pelagic birds with long, narrow wings and tube-shaped nostrils. They feed at sea on fish, squid and other marine life. They come to land to breed in colonies, nesting in burrows or on cliffs.




Storks


Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

Black stork, Ciconia nigra
White stork, Ciconia ciconia
Yellow-billed stork, Mycteria ibis (A)




Frigatebirds


Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. All have predominantly black plumage, long, deeply forked tails and long hooked bills. Females have white underbellies and males have a distinctive red gular pouch, which they inflate during the breeding season to attract females. Their wings are long and pointed and can span up to 2.3 metres (7.5 ft), the largest wing area to body weight ratio of any bird.

Ascension frigatebird, Fregata aquila (A)
Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens (A)




Gannets and boobies


Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (A)
Cape gannet, Morus capensis (A-Azores)
Masked booby, Sula dactylatra (A)
Northern gannet, Morus bassanus
Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)




Cormorants and shags


Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Cormorants are medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

Double-crested cormorant, Nannopterum auritum (A)
European shag, Gulosus aristotelis
Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
Pygmy cormorant, Microcarbo pygmaeus




Ibises and spoonbills


Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
A family of long-legged, long-necked wading birds. Ibises have long, curved bills. Spoonbills have a flattened bill, wider at the tip.

African sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethiopicus (I)
Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia
Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
Northern bald ibis, Geronticus eremita (reintroduced populations in Spain and Central Europe, otherwise A)




Herons and bitterns


Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.




Pelicans


Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak.

Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus
Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus




Osprey


Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The osprey is a large migratory fish-eating bird of prey. It is mainly brown above and white below with long, angled wings.

Osprey, Pandion haliaetus




Hawks, eagles, and kites


Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
A family of birds of prey which includes hawks, buzzards, eagles, kites and harriers. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.




Barn owls


Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium-sized to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Western barn owl, Tyto alba




Typical owls


Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
Owls are a group of birds that belong to the order Strigiformes, constituting 200 extant bird of prey species. Most are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e.g., the northern hawk-owl). Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish.




Hoopoes


Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae
Distinctive birds with a long curved bill, a crest and black-and-white striped wings and tail.

Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops




Rollers


Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
A small family of colourful, medium-sized birds with a crow-like shape that feed mainly on insects.

Abyssinian roller, Coracias abyssinicus (A-Canary Islands)
European roller, Coracias garrulus




Kingfishers


Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon (A)
Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis (A)
White-throated kingfisher, Halcyon smyrnensis (A)




Bee-eaters


Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
A group of near-passerine birds characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers.

Asian green bee-eater, Merops orientalis (A)
Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus (A)
European bee-eater, Merops apiaster




Woodpeckers


Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Black woodpecker, Dryocopus martius
European green woodpecker, Picus viridis
Eurasian three-toed woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus
Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
Great spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major
Grey-headed woodpecker, Picus canus
Iberian green woodpecker, Picus sharpei (E)
Lesser spotted woodpecker, Dryobates minor
Middle spotted woodpecker, Dendrocoptes medius
Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus (A)
Syrian woodpecker, Dendrocopos syriacus
White-backed woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos
Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius (A)




Falcons and caracaras


Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

American kestrel, Falco sparverius (A)
Amur falcon, Falco amurensis (A)
Common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae
Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus
Lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus
Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
Merlin, Falco columbarius
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus
Saker falcon, Falco cherrug
Sooty falcon, Falco concolor (A)




African and New World parrots


Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
At least three species have established themselves in Europe after being introduced by humans.

Mitred parakeet, Psittacara mitratus (I)
Monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus (I)
Red-masked parakeet, Psittacara erythrogenys (I)




Old World parrots


Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
At least two species have established themselves in Europe after being introduced by humans.

Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria (I)
Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (I)




Tyrant flycatchers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
A family from the Americas with very rare vagrants recorded in Western Europe.

Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens (A)
Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum (A)
Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus (A)
Eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe (A)
Eastern wood pewee, Contopus virens (A-Azores)
Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana (A)
Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus (A)
Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris (A)
Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis (A-Azores)




Bushshrikes


Order: Passeriformes Family: Malaconotidae
Bushshrikes occur almost exclusively in Africa. They are similar in build and habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush.

Black-crowned tchagra, Tchagra senegalus (A)




Shrikes


Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus (A)
Great grey shrike, Lanius excubitor
Iberian grey shrike, Lanius meridionalis (E)
Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus (A)
Lesser grey shrike, Lanius minor
Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach (A)
Masked shrike, Lanius nubicus
Northern shrike, Lanius borealis (A)
Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio
Red-tailed shrike, Lanius phoenicuroides (A)
Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator




Vireos, greenlets, and shrike-babblers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World and Southeast Asia.

Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus (A)
Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus (A)
White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus (A-Azores)
Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons (A)




Figbirds and orioles


Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The figbirds and orioles are medium-sized passerines, mostly with bright and showy plumage. The females often have duller plumage than the males. The beak is long, slightly curved and hooked. Orioles are arboreal and tend to feed in the canopy.

Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus




Crows and jays


Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.




Waxwings


Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum (A)




Tits and chickadees


Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

African blue tit, Cyanistes teneriffae (Canary Islands, elsewhere A)
Azure tit, Cyanistes cyanus
Coal tit, Periparus ater
Crested tit, Lophophanes cristatus
Eurasian blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus
Great tit, Parus major
Grey-headed chickadee, Poecile cinctus
Marsh tit, Poecile palustris
Sombre tit, Poecile lugubris
Willow tit, Poecile montanus




Penduline tits


Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

Black-headed penduline tit, Remiz macronyx
Eurasian penduline tit, Remiz pendulinus




Bearded reedling


Order: Passeriformes Family: Panuridae
A single species formerly placed in the Old World babbler family.

Bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus




Larks


Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.




Bulbuls


Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

Common bulbul, Pycnonotus barbatus
Red-whiskered bulbul, Pycnonotus jocosus (I)
White-eared bulbul, Pycnonotus leucotis (possibly I)




Swallows and martins


Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

American cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (A)
Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
Common house martin, Delichon urbicum
Eurasian crag martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris
Purple martin, Progne subis (A)
Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
Sand martin, Riparia riparia
Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor (A)




Cettia bush warblers and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Cettiidae
Cettiidae is a family of small insectivorous songbirds. It contains the typical bush warblers (Cettia) and their relatives. Its members occur mainly in Asia and Africa, ranging into Oceania and Europe.

Cetti's warbler, Cettia cetti




Bushtits


Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
Bushtits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

Long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus




Leaf warblers and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are small, active, insectivorous passerine birds. They glean the foliage for insects along the branches of trees and bushes. They forage at various levels within forests, from the top canopy to the understorey. Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters. Most are greenish or brownish above and off-white or yellowish below.




Reed warblers, Grauer's warbler, and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
The species in this family are usually rather large warblers. Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.




Grassbirds and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
Grassbirds are small insectivorous songbirds, with tails that are usually long and pointed. These birds occur mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are less wren-like than the typical shrub-warblers (Cettia) but like these drab brownish or buffy all over. Many have bold dark streaks on wings and/or underside. Most live in scrubland and frequently hunt food by clambering through thick tangled growth or pursuing it on the ground; they are perhaps the most terrestrial of the "warblers".

Common grasshopper warbler, Locustella naevia
Gray's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes fasciolatus (A)
Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata (A)
Pallas's grasshopper warbler, Helopsaltes certhiola (A)
River warbler, Locustella fluviatilis
Savi's warbler, Locustella luscinioides




Cisticolas and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Cisticolidae
Cisticolas are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. They are often difficult to see and many species are similar in appearance, so the song is often the best identification guide. These are insectivorous birds which nest low in vegetation.

Zitting cisticola, Cisticola juncidis




Sylviid babblers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The sylviid warblers are a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.




Parrotbills and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Paradoxornithidae
Parrotbills and their allies are small, long-tailed birds that typically inhabit reedbeds and similar habitats. Most are native to East or Southeast Asia, although a single species, the wrentit, is native to North America. Introduced populations in Italy are thought to contain two parrotbill species, although there is some uncertainty about the taxonomic identity of these populations.

Ashy-throated parrotbill, Suthora alphonsiana (I)
Vinous-throated parrotbill, Suthora webbiana (I)




Laughingthrushes and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Leiothrichidae
The laughingthrushes are a family of Old World passerine birds. They are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.

Red-billed leiothrix, Leiothrix lutea (I)




Goldcrests and kinglets


Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets and "crests" are a small family of birds which resemble some warblers. They are very small insectivorous birds in the single genus Regulus. The adults have coloured crowns, giving rise to their name.

Common firecrest, Regulus ignicapilla
Goldcrest, Regulus regulus
Madeira firecrest, Regulus madeirensis (E-Madeira)
Ruby-crowned kinglet, Corthylio calendula (A)




Wrens


Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes




Nuthatches


Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Corsican nuthatch, Sitta whiteheadi (E)
Eastern rock nuthatch, Sitta tephronota (A-Caucasus)
Eurasian nuthatch, Sitta europaea
Krüper's nuthatch, Sitta krueperi (A)
Red-breasted nuthatch, Sitta canadensis (A)
Western rock nuthatch, Sitta neumayer




Wallcreeper


Order: Passeriformes Family: Tichodromidae
The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.

Wallcreeper, Tichodroma muraria




Treecreepers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Eurasian treecreeper, Certhia familiaris
Short-toed treecreeper, Certhia brachydactyla




Mockingbirds and thrashers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
Medium-sized passerine birds with long tails. Some are notable for their ability to mimic sounds such as other birds' songs.

Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (A)
Grey catbird, Dumetella carolinensis (A)
Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos (A)




Starlings and rhabdornis


Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Common starling, Sturnus vulgaris
Crested myna, Acridotheres cristatellus (I)
Daurian starling, Agropsar sturninus (A)
Rosy starling, Pastor roseus
Spotless starling, Sturnus unicolor




Thrushes


Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.




Chats and Old World flycatchers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.




Dippers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

White-throated dipper, Cinclus cinclus




Old World sparrows and snowfinches


Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed-eaters and they also consume small insects.

Dead Sea sparrow, Passer moabiticus (A)
Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus
House sparrow, Passer domesticus
Italian sparrow, Passer italiae
Rock sparrow, Petronia petronia
Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis
White-winged snowfinch, Montifringilla nivalis




Weavers and widowbirds


Order: Passeriformes Family: Ploceidae
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.

Black-headed weaver, Ploceus melanocephalus (I)
Yellow-crowned bishop, Euplectes afer (I)




Waxbills, munias and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

Black-rumped waxbill, Estrilda troglodytes (I)
Common waxbill, Estrilda astrild (I)
Orange-cheeked waxbill, Estrilda melpoda (I)
Red avadavat, Amandava amandava (I)
Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata (I)




Indigobirds and whydahs


Order: Passeriformes Family: Viduidae
The indigobirds and whydahs are finch-like species native to Africa whose plumage is usually dominated by black or indigo. All are obligate brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches. One introduced species has established a population in Portugal.




Accentors


Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.




Wagtails and pipits


Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
The Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.




Finches and euphonias


Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.




Longspurs and snow buntings


Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a family of birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus
Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis




Buntings


Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.




New World sparrows and bush tanagers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Passerellidae
The New World sparrows (or American sparrows) are a large family of seed-eating passerine birds with distinctively finch-like bills.

American tree sparrow, Spizelloides arborea (A)
Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis (A)
Eastern towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (A)
Lark sparrow, Chondestes grammacus (A)
Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii (A)
Red fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca (A)
Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis (A)
Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia (A)
White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys (A)
White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis (A)




Yellow-breasted chat


Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteriidae
This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens (A)




Oropendolas, orioles, and blackbirds


Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
Icterids make up a family of small- to medium-sized, often colorful, New-World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. The species in the family vary widely in size, shape, behavior and coloration.

Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula (A)
Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (A)
Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater (A)
Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula (A)
Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus (A)
Yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (A)




New World warblers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
A group of small, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal and insectivorous.




Cardinals and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
Cardinals are passerine birds found in North and South America. They are also known as cardinal-grosbeaks and cardinal-buntings.

Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea (A-Azores)
Dickcissel, Spiza americana (A)
Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea (A)
Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus (A)
Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea (A)
Summer tanager, Piranga rubra (A)




See also


Lists of birds by region
The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds




References



Checklist of Birds of Europe. Avibase, LePage, Denis. 14 February 2020
Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars, Zetterstrom, Dan; Grant, Peter. (2001). Birds of Europe. Princeton University Press. pp. 74–5 ISBN 0-691-05054-6
BirdLife International (2004) Birds in the European Union: a status assessment.
Crochet P.-A., Joynt G. (2015) AERC list of Western Palearctic birds. July 2015 version.
Rouco, M., Copete, J. L., De Juana, E., Gil-Velasco, M., Lorenzo, J. A., Martín, M., Milá, B., Molina, B. & Santos, D. M. (2019) Lista de las aves de España. Edición de 2019. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid.
Rafael Matias, Paulo Catry, Helder Costa, Gonçalo Elias, João Jara, C.C. Moore & Ricardo Tomé (2007) Lista sistemática das aves de portugal continental. Anuário Ornitológico 5: 74-132 (2007)
British Ornithologists' Union (2017) The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (9th edition). Ibis 160: 190-240.
Irish Rare Birds Committee (2015) The Irish list as on 31 December 2015
Overzicht van alle vogels waargenomen in Nederland, Dutch Avifauna.nl
Belgian Rare Birds Committee (2014) Belgian official checklist
Hellenic Rarities Committee (2016) List of the birds of Greece
Yann Kolbeinsson (2011) List of Icelandic Bird Species
Birdlife Suomi Finland: Suomessa havaitut luonnonvaraiset ei-varpuslinnut (non-passerine birds of Finland)
Birdlife Suomi Finland: Suomessa havaitut luonnonvaraiset varpuslinnut (passerine birds of Finland)
Netfugl.dk: Bird list of Denmark

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• Dendang-laut utara
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• List of birds of Europe
• List of birds
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• List of birds of Portugal
• List of birds of Metropolitan France
• List of birds of Japan
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• List of birds of India
• List of birds of Turkey
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