• Source: List of ethnic groups in China

The Han people are the largest ethnic group in mainland China. In 2010, 91.51% of the population were classified as Han (~1.2 billion). Besides the Han Chinese majority, 55 other ethnic (minority) groups are categorized in present-day China, numbering approximately 105 million people (8%), mostly concentrated in the bordering northwest, north, northeast, south and southwest but with some in central interior areas.
The major ethnic minorities in China are the Zhuang (19.6 million), Hui (11.4 million), Uyghurs (11 million), Miao (11 million), Manchus (10.4 million), Yi (9.8 million), Tujia (9.6 million), Tibetans (7 million), Mongols (6.3 million), Buyei (3.5 million), Dong (3.5 million), Yao (3.3 million), Bai (2 million), Koreans (1.7 million), Hani (1.7 million), Li (1.6 million), Kazakhs (1.5 million), and Dai (1.2 million). At least 126,000 people from Canada, the United States, and Europe are living in mainland China. In addition, there are a number of unrecognized ethnic groups which together comprise over 730,000 people.




Officially recognized groups


Officially recognized ethnic groups receive or have received certain benefits over Han Chinese under the regional ethnic autonomy system, including affirmative action, exemptions from the one-child policy, designated seats in political organs and government support to preserve their culture. Ethnic minority autonomous areas receive additional state subsidies. Languages of officially recognized minorities are used in official government documents.
Soon after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, 39 ethnic groups were recognized by the first national census in 1954. This further increased to 54 by the second national census in 1964, with the Lhoba group added in 1965. The last change was the addition of the Jino people in 1979, bringing the number of recognized ethnic groups to the current 56. The following are the 56 ethnic groups (listed by population) officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.




Taiwanese aborigines



The People's Republic of China government officially refers to all Taiwanese aborigines (Chinese: 原住民族; pinyin: Yuánzhùmínzú) as Gaoshan (Chinese: 高山族; pinyin: Gāoshānzú), whereas the Republic of China (Taiwan) recognizes 16 groups of Taiwanese aborigines. The term Gaoshan has a different connotation in Taiwan than it does in mainland China.




Unlisted ethnic groups



The following ethnic groups living in China are not recognized by the Chinese government:

Äynu people – classified as Uyghurs
Altai people – classified as Mongols
Fuyu Kyrgyz people – classified as Kyrgyz
Gejia people – classified as Miao
Bajia (八甲人; Bājiǎrén)
Deng people
Hu people – classified as Bulang
Khmu people – classified as Bulang
Kucong
Mảng people
Ili Turk people – classified as Uzbek
Sherpa people – classified as Tibetan
Tanka people, including Fuzhou Tanka
Tebbu people
Tuvans – classified as Mongols
Waxiang people
Jewish people
Macanese people, mixed race Catholic Portuguese speakers who lived in Macau since 16th century of various ethnic origins
Utsuls – classified as Hui
Yamato people and Ryukyuan people, primarily Japanese settlers that remained in China after the Second Sino-Japanese War, which mostly were women and orphaned children
During the Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China held in 2000, 734,438 people on the mainland were recorded as belonging to "undistinguished ethnic groups"—of these, 97% resided in Guizhou, .




Hong Kong and Macau



Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions within China. The governments of Hong Kong and Macau do not use the official PRC ethnic classification system, nor does the PRC's official classification system take ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau into account. Minority groups such as Western Europeans (mainly English and Portuguese), and Southern or Southeastern Asians (mainly Filipinos, Indians, Indonesians, Nepalese, and Pakistanis) live in Hong Kong. Macau's main ethnic groups are of Chinese and Portuguese descent, but other ethnicities also live in the territory.




Gallery







































See also






References






Further reading


Olson, James S. (1998). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-28853-4.
Schwars, Henry G. (1984). The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey.




External links



"Chinese ethnic odyssey" - collection of articles from the People's Daily
Family album of Chinese 56 ethnic groups
nytimes.com
Map share of ethnic by county of China
Map share of dominate ethnic by county of China

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Tatar Tiongkok
• Rasisme
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• Orang Tionghoa-Indonesia
• Rumpun suku bangsa Austronesia
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• Malaysia
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• Kamp pendidikan ulang Xinjiang
• List of ethnic groups in China
• Unrecognized ethnic groups in China
• Ethnic groups in Chinese history
• List of contemporary ethnic groups
• Ethnic minorities in China
• List of countries by ethnic groups
• List of Chinese administrative divisions by ethnic group
• Chinese
• List of ethnic groups in Myanmar
• Ethnic Chinese