- Source: List of heads of state of Finland
This is a list of heads of state of Finland; that is, the kings of Sweden with regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the grand dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs and Russian emperors, up to the two-year regency following the independence in 1917, with a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy.
Kingdom of Sweden (until 1809)
Finland as an integral part of Sweden under the King of Sweden
Some texts suggest the Swedish rule of Finland started as early as during the Houses of Sverker and Eric (Sverker I of Sweden 1130–1156 and Eric the Saint 1156–1160). But the first historic documents suggesting rule by Swedish kings in Finland not limited to sparse crusades and conquests are dated at around 1249.
= House of Bjälbo
=1250–1275 : Valdemar Birgersson (Valdemar Birgerinpoika)
regent: Birger Jarl
1275–1284 : Magnus Ladulås (Maunu Ladonlukko)
1284–1291 : Bengt Birgersson (Bengt Birgerinpoika )
1291–1302 : Birger Magnusson (Birger Maununpoika)
1302–1319 : Valdemar Magnusson (Valdemar Maununpoika) and his first wife
1319–1353 : Ingeborg Eriksdottir (Ingeborg Eerikintytär), widow of Valdemar
1353–1356 : Bengt Algotsson (Pentti Algotinpoika)
1357-1359 : Erik Magnusson (Eerik Maununpoika)
1359 : Magnus Eriksson (Maunu Eerikinpoika) with his son Erik Magnusson
1359–1364 : Magnus Eriksson and his son Haakon
= House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
=1364–1395 : Albert, King of Sweden (Albrekt Mecklenburgilainen)
= Kalmar Union monarchs and Swedish regents
=1389–1412 : Margaret (Margareeta), widow of King Haakon of Sweden, mother of Olav IV, and heiress of Estonia, a Danish dominion
1396–1439 : Eric of Pomerania (Eerik Pommerilainen, died 1459), a first cousin twice removed of Haakon I of Sweden
1438–1440 : Karl Knutsson, as regent of Sweden (Kaarle Knuutinpoika)
1441–1448 : Christopher of Bavaria (Kristoffer Baijerilainen)
1448–1448 : Regents Bengt and Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna) (Bengt Jönsinpoika Oxenstierna and Nils Jönsinpoika Oxenstierna)
1448–1457 : Karl Knutsson, as King of Sweden, he had been 1442–48 chatelain and margrave of Viipuri county
1457–1457 : Regents Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna (Jöns Pentinpoika Oxenstierna) the archbishop and Eric Axelsson Tott (Eerik Akselinpoika Tott)
1457–1464 : Christian I (Kristian I)
1464–1470 : Karl Knutsson (restored)
1470–1497 : Regent Sten Sture the Elder (Sten Sture vanhempi) - also, 1483–1501 chatelain and margrave of Viipuri county
1497–1501 : Hans (Hannu)
1501–1503 : Regent Sten Sture the Elder (Sten Sture vanhempi)
1504–1511 : Regent Svante Nilsson (Svante Niilonpoika)
1512–1512 : Regent Eric Trolle
1512–1520 : Regent Sten Sture the Younger (Sten Sture nuorempi)
1520–1521 : Christian II (Kristian II)
= House of Vasa
=1521–1560 : Gustav I Vasa (Kustaa I Vaasa)
1560–1569 : Eric XIV (Eerik XIV)
1569–1592 : John III (restored), adopted title Grand Prince of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinas) around 1580
1592–1599 : Sigismund (titled Grand Prince of Finland) and John III
1599-1606 : John III
1606–1632 : Gustav II Adolph the Great (Kustaa II Aadolf), also titled Grand Prince of Finland
1632–1654 : Christina of Sweden (Kristiina), also titled Grand Princess of Finland
= House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
=1654–1660 : Charles X Gustav (Kaarle X Kustaa), also titled Grand Prince of Finland
1660–1697 : Charles XI (Kaarle XI), also titled Grand Prince of Finland
1697–1718 : Charles XII (Kaarle XII), also titled Grand Prince of Finland
1719–1720 : Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (Ulriika Eleonoora), also titled Grand Princess of Finland
= House of Hesse
=1720–1751 : Frederick I of Sweden (Fredrik I), also titled Grand Prince of Finland
= House of Holstein-Gottorp
=1751–1771 : Adolph Frederick (Aadolf Fredrik), Grand Prince of Finland
1771–1792 : Gustav III (Kustaa III), Grand Prince of Finland
1792–1796 : Charles, duke of Södermanland as Regent (Södermanlannin herttua Kaarle)
1792–1809 : Gustav IV Adolph (Kustaa IV Aadolf), Grand Prince of Finland
Russian Empire (1809–1917)
Interim period (1917–1919)
During the interregnum from the fall of Nicholas II to the end of the Finnish Civil War in spring 1918, sovereignty in Finland was exercised by the Finnish Parliament and, until the October Revolution and the declaration of independence, the Russian interim government. After the civil war, regents (valtionhoitaja) were appointed by the parliament and a new king elected.
In May 1918, President Woodrow Wilson stated that the U.S. “shall be willing to recognize the Republic of Finland only when she shows that she is not controlled by Germany, as she now seems to be".
= Regents appointed by parliament
=27 May 1918 – 12 December 1918 : Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
12 December 1918 – 26 July 1919 : Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
= House of Hesse
=List of presidents (1919–present)
Timeline
See also
Ancient kings of Finland
Duke of Finland
Governor-General of Finland
King of Kvenland
List of Danish monarchs
List of Greenlandic rulers
List of Norwegian monarchs
List of rulers of Iceland
List of Russian monarchs
List of Swedish governors-general
List of Swedish monarchs
Monarchy of Finland
President of Finland
Prime Minister of Finland
References
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- 2020-an
- List of heads of state of Finland
- List of current heads of state and government
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
- List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)
- List of spouses of heads of state
- List of heads of government of Denmark
- List of presidents of Finland
- List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)
- Lists of heads of state of Iceland
- President of Finland
