- Source: List of heads of state of Poland
This article lists the heads of state of Poland. Currently, the president of Poland is the head of state of the country.
Poland in the Early Middle Ages
= Legendary rulers
=Most of these rulers appear for the first time in chronicles from the 13th century.
= Semi-legendary dukes of the Polans in Greater Poland
=Several historians tend to believe that three legendary rulers of early Poland before Mieszko I might actually be historical persons. They appear in the oldest Polish chronicle, Gesta principum Polonorum from the early 12th century.
Kingdom of Poland and Duchy of Poland (966–1569)
= Piast dukes and kings
== Fragmentation of the Kingdom of Poland, 1138–1314
=Piast high dukes
Reunification attempts in the Kingdom of Poland 1232–1305
= Piast kings =
= Přemyslid kings =
= Reunited Kingdom of Poland, 1314–1569
=Piast kings
Anjou kings
Jagiellonian kings
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)
Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815)
Republic of Poland (1918–1939)
= Chief of State
== President of the Republic
=Government of the Republic of Poland in Exile (1939–1990)
After the German conquest of Poland, a Polish government-in-exile was formed under the protection of France and Britain. The President of the Republic and the government-in-exile were recognised by the United Kingdom and, later, by the United States until 6 July 1945, when the Western Allies accepted the Communist-led government backed by Joseph Stalin. Despite having lost recognition by other governments, the government-in-exile continued in London until the election of Lech Wałęsa as President of the Republic of Poland in December 1990, upon which it handed over its formal powers and the insignia of the Polish Second Republic to President-elect Wałęsa in a ceremony at the Warsaw Royal Castle on 22 December 1990.
The sole internationally recognised president of the exiled government was Władysław Raczkiewicz, who took office after Ignacy Mościcki's resignation in September 1939.
Polish People's Republic (1944–1989)
= President of the State National Council
=The Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland was founded under Soviet protection on 31 December 1944 and recognised by the United States and the United Kingdom since 6 July 1945. It evolved into the Government of National Unity on 28 June 1945, and eventually into the Polish People's Republic on 19 February 1947.
= President of the Republic
== Chairman of the Council of State
=In 1952, the July Constitution abolished the office of president and made the Council of State the collective head of state, chairmen of which are listed below. Real power rested with the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR), its Central Committee, and the secretary general/first secretary.
= First Secretaries of the Polish Workers' Party (PPR)/Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)
=Since 1954, the head of the party was also the Chairman of the Central Committee.
By the second half of 1989, the office of First Secretary, occupied at the time by Mieczysław Rakowski, ceased to hold any real power.
Republic of Poland (1989–present)
= President of the Republic
=Timeline since 1918
See also
List of Polish monarchs
Prime Minister of Poland
List of prime ministers of Poland
References
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- List of heads of state of Poland
- List of current heads of state and government
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
- President of Poland
- List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)
- List of heads of state of Lithuania
- List of Polish monarchs
- List of spouses of heads of state
- List of state leaders in the 18th century
- List of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1850)
