• Source: List of HVDC projects

Electric power transmission through interconnectors using high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) involves usually two converter stations and a transmission line. Generally overhead lines are used, but an important class of HVDC projects use submarine power cables. A back-to-back station has no transmission line and joins two separate AC grids at a single point. Historical HVDC systems used the Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves (now also obsolete), thyristors, and IGBT power transistors.




Legend


Converter technology:

Thury = Series-connected generators as designed by René Thury
Merc = Mercury-arc valve rectifier and inverter
Thyr = Thyristor rectifier and inverter
IGBT = Insulated gate bipolar transistor
Line status:




Africa






Australia and Oceania






Asia






Europe



2 As of 9 December 2015, LitPol Link started trial operations.
3 Caithness Moray HVDC serves a number of renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland - see map
4 Contracts due to be placed in 2016.
5 Elia says construction expected to start in late 2017.
6 Date is that quoted to support the Shetland Wind Farm that SSE is a part investor in.
7 Decision on project expected in 2017 following consultation - see SSE PD reference.




North America






South America






Back to back






Maps






= Europe

=

Shetland HVDC Connection
Caithness Moray HVDC
Western Isles HVDC connection
NorthConnect
North Sea Link: Kvilldal, Norway – Blyth, UK
Eastern HVDC Link
Moyle: Auchencrosh, UK – Ballycronan More, Northern Ireland, UK
Western HVDC Link
East–West Interconnector: Leinster, Ireland – Shotton, Wales, UK
Celtic Interconnector
FAB Link
IFA-2
HVDC Cross-Channel: Les Mandarins, France – Sellindge, UK
Nemo Link
BritNed: UK – Netherlands
Aachen Liège Electricity Grid Overlay (ALEGrO)
Viking Link
HVDC DolWin1, HVDC DolWin2, HVDC DolWin3
HVDC SylWin1
HVDC HelWin1, HVDC HelWin2
HVDC BorWin1, HVDC BorWin2, HVDC BorWin3
NorNed: Feda, Norway – Eemshaven, Netherlands
NORD.LINK: Germany – Norway
Skagerrak 1, 2, 3, and 4: Tjele, Denmark – Kristiansand, Norway
Konti-Skan 1 and 2: VesterHassing, Denmark – Stenkullen, Sweden
StoreBælt: Fyn, Denmark – Zealand, Denmark
Baltic Cable: Lübeck- Herrenwyk, Germany – Kruseberg, Sweden
Kontek: Bjæverskov, Denmark – Bentwisch, Germany
SydVästlänken
SwePol: Stärnö, Sweden – Wierzbięcin (Słupsk), Poland
LitPol Link
NordBalt
HVDC Visby–Näs
Gotland: Västervik, Sweden – Ygne, Sweden
Fenno-Skan: Rauma, Finland – Dannebo, Sweden, Fenno-Skan 2
ÅL-link
Estlink: Harku, Estonia – Espoo, Finland
Estlink 2
Cometa: Valencia, Spain – Mallorca, Spain
INELFE Baixas - Santa Llogaia
HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia: "SACOI" – Codrongianos, Sardinia, Italy – Lucciana, Corsica, France – Suvereto, Italy (mainland)
SAPEI, Sardinia – Italian mainland
HVDC MON.ITA Project
HVDC Italy-Greece: Arachthos, Greece – Galatina, Italy
EuroAsia Interconnector
EuroAfrica Interconnector
Greenlink
France-Italy via Fréjus Road Tunnel
ElecLink: via Channel Tunnel
INELFE Biscay Gulf
NeuConnect: Isle of Grain, UK – Wilhelmshaven, Germany




See also



Asian Super Grid
Desertec
Electrode line
European super grid
High-voltage direct current
List of high voltage underground and submarine cables
Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission scheme
Scotland-Norway interconnector
HVDC converter station
Super grid
Submarine power cable
Transmission tower
Uno Lamm
Valve hall




References






Sources


Vijay K. Sood (31 May 2004). HVDC and FACTS Controllers: Applications Of Static Converters In Power Systems. Springer-Verlag. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4020-7890-3.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• List of HVDC projects
• HVDC converter station
• HVDC Itaipu
• High-voltage direct current
• HVDC Vancouver Island
• HVDC Inter-Island
• HVDC converter
• HVDC Cross-Channel
• Electrode line
• HVDC Troll