- Source: List of republics
This is a list of republics. For antiquity (or later in the case of societies that did not refer to modern terminology to qualify their form of government) the assessment of whether a state organisation is a republic is based on retrospective analysis by historians and political theorists. For more recent systems of government, worldwide organisations with a broad political acceptance (such as the United Nations), can provide information on whether or not a sovereign state is referred to as a republic.
List by period
= Antiquity
== Middle Ages
=Maritime republics
A maritime republic was a thalassocratic city-state during the Middle Ages in which the merchant class had considerable power.
Free imperial cities
A free imperial city was a self-ruling city member of the Holy Roman Empire that was represented in the Imperial Diet.
= Early modernity
=Sister republics
A sister republic was a client state of France established by French armies or by local revolutionaries and assisted by the French First Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars.
= Modernity
=19th century
Africa
North America
South America
Asia
Europe
Oceania
20th century
Africa
America
Asia
Europe
Oceania
21st century and later
List by type
In modern usage, a republican system of government is loosely applied to any state which claims this designation. For example, the Dominican Republic under Rafael Trujillo is considered a republic, as is the Republic of Iraq under Saddam Hussein.
= Arab republics
=Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922)
Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–present)
Syrian Arab Republic (1946–present)
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
United Arab Republic (1958–1971)
Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990)
Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)
= Confederal republics
=Confederal republics are associations of sovereign states, usually having power over critical common issues such as defense and foreign policy:
Confederate States of America (1861–1865)
Senegambia Confederation (1982–1989)
United States of America (under the Second Continental Congress and the Articles of Confederation, 1776–1789)
= Crowned republics
=A crowned republic, is a form of constitutional monarchy where the monarch's role is commonly seen as largely ceremonial and where all the royal prerogatives are prescribed by custom and law in such a way that the monarch has limited discretion over governmental and constitutional issues.
= Democratic republics
=Democratic republics are usually socialist states, although not all of them are necessarily socialist.
= Federal republics
=Federal republics are federal states in which the administrative divisions (states or provinces) theoretically retain a degree of autonomy which is constitutionally protected, and cannot be revoked unilaterally by the national government. Federal republics are not unitary states.
= Islamic republics
=Republics governed in accordance with Islamic law:
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)
Islamic Republic of Iran (since 1979)
Islamic Republic of Mauritania (since 1960)
Islamic Republic of Pakistan (since 1956)
= People's republics
=People's republics are said to be governed by the people. The name is most often (but not always) used by communist states.
Current people's republics
Former people's republics
= Socialist republics
=These are republics that use the word "socialist" in their official name.
= Unitary republics
=Unitary republics are unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature. Unitary states are not federations or confederations.
= Republics of Russia
=Republic of Adygea
Republic of Chechnya
Republic of Dagestan
Republic of Ingushetia
Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
Republic of Kalmykia
Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Republic of Altai
Republic of Bashkortostan
Republic of Buryatia
Republic of Chuvashia
Republic of Karelia
Republic of Khakassia
Republic of Komi
Republic of Mari El
Republic of Mordovia
Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Republic of Tatarstan
Republic of Tuva
Republic of Udmurtia
= Disputed separatist republics
=Republic of Abkhazia
Republic of South Ossetia
Gagauz Republic (1990–1995)
Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic
Republic of Kosovo
Republika Srpska (1992–1995)
Dubrovnik Republic (1991–1992)
Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1995)
Republic of Artsakh (1991–2023)
Kurdish Republic of Lachin (1992)
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Donetsk People's Republic
Luhansk People's Republic
Republic of Crimea
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–2000)
Republic of Tatarstan (1992–1994)
Catalan Republic (2017)
See also
Republicanism
References
Sources
Robinson, E. W. (1997). The First Democracies: Early Popular Government Outside Athens. Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 3-515-06951-8.
Sharma, J. P. (1968). Republics in Ancient India, C. 1500 B.C.-500 B.C. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill. pp. 207–217. ISBN 978-9-004-02015-3.
External links
Media related to Republics at Wikimedia Commons
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Rusia
- Rumpun bahasa Finno-Permik
- Uni Soviet
- Aksara resmi
- Negara kesejahteraan
- Sejarah universal
- Slowakia
- John F. Kennedy
- Estonia
- Hubungan luar negeri Azerbaijan
- List of republics
- Republics of the Soviet Union
- Republics of Russia
- Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations
- Republic
- Federal republic
- Federal parliamentary republic
- People's republic
- Autonomous republic
- Sister republic
