- Source: List of rock formations
A rock formation is an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrop. Rock formations are usually the result of weathering and erosion sculpting the existing rock. The term rock formation can also refer to specific sedimentary strata or other rock unit in stratigraphic and petrologic studies.
A rock structure can be created in any rock type or combination:
Igneous rocks are created when molten rock cools and solidifies, with or without crystallisation. They may be either plutonic bodies or volcanic extrusive. Again, erosive forces sculpt their current forms.
Metamorphic rocks are created by rocks that have been transformed into another kind of rock, usually by some combination of heat, pressure, and chemical alteration.
Sedimentary rocks are created by a variety of processes but usually involving deposition, grain by grain, layer by layer, in water or, in the case of terrestrial sediments, on land through the action of wind or sometimes moving ice. Erosion later exposes them in their current form.
Geologists have created a number of terms to describe different rock structures in the landscape that can be formed by natural processes:
Here is a incomplete list of rock formations by continent.
Asia
= Armenia
== China
== Hong Kong
=Amah Rock, New Territories
Lion Rock, New Kowloon/New Territories
= Jordan
=Petra, Amman
Wadi Rum Desert
= India
=Jabalpur Marble Rocks, Madhya Pradesh
Rock Formations in Rayalseema Andhra Pradesh, Hampi Karnataka
Yana
= Israel
=Rosh Hanikra
Timna Arch, Eilat
Karnei Hattin
= Lebanon
=Cape Lithoprosopon
Raouché, Beirut
= Mongolia
=Turtle Rock, Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, Töv Aimag/Nalaikh
= Pakistan
=Rock formations at Hingol National Park
= Thailand
=Lalu (ละลุ), rock formations caused by erosion at the eastern end of the Sankamphaeng Range in Sa Kaeo Province
Phae Mueang Phi ("Ghost Canyon") near Phrae in the Phi Pan Nam Range
Phu Phra Bat Buabok in Udon Thani Province
= Turkey
=Paşabağı, Cappadocia
Goreme National Park
= Other countries
=Africa
= Kenya
=Tsavo Rocks
= Libya
=Jebel Akhdar
= Madagascar
=Andringitra Massif
Tsingy d'Ankarana
Tsingy de Bemaraha
Tsingy de Namoroka
Tsingy Rouge
= Mauritania
=Ben Amera
= Namibia
=Bogenfels
= Nigeria
=Olumo Rock, Abeokuta
Riyom Rock, Jos
Zuma Rock, Abuja
= South Africa
=Cedarberg Wilderness Area, Western Cape
Kagga Kamma, Ceres, Western Cape
Three Sisters (Northern Cape)
North America
= United States
== Canada
== Caribbean
== Mexico
=Sierra de Organos National Park, Sombrerete, Zacatecas
Piedras Encimadas Valley, Zacatlán, Puebla
Peña de Bernal, Bernal, Querétaro
Copper Canyon, Chihuahua
Los Arcos Rocks, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur
Hierve el Agua, San Lorenzo Albarradas
= Central America
=Bosque del Cabo, Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica
Los Ladrillos, Boquete, Panama
South America
= Argentina
=Quebrada de Humahuaca, Humahuaca
Ongamira Valley, Córdoba
Ischigualasto, San Juan Province
Monte Fitz Roy, El Chalten
= Bolivia
=Dali's Desert, Potosi
Valle de Las Rocas, Uyuni
Canon de Duene
= Brazil
=Pão de Açúcar (Sugarloaf Mountain), Rio de Janeiro
Ponta Grossa, Paraná
Pedra do Jacaré (Aligator Stone), São Paulo
Dedo de Deus (God's Finger Rock), Serra dos Órgãos, Rio de Janeiro
Pedra do Cão Sentado, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro
Pedra da Galinha Choca, Quixadá, Ceará
= Chile
=Valle de la Luna, Antofagasta
Playa de la Calabocillos, Constitucion
Silla del Diablo
= Colombia
=El Peñón de Guatapé (La Piedra de Peñol), Antioquia
Laguna de La Plaza, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy
= Ecuador
=Cerro de Arcos, Loja
Pinnacle Rock, Bartolome Island, Galápagos Islands
= Falkland Islands
=Princes Street Stone Run
= Paraguay
=Amambay
= Peru
=Colca Canyon, Arequipa
= Uruguay
=La Piedra Pintada, Parque Congreso de Abril
= Venezuela
=Tepui, Roraima, Canaima National Park
Piedras de San Martin, La Vela de Coro, Estado Falcón
Europe
= Albania
== Bosnia and Herzegovina
=Hajdučka vrata, Čvrsnica mountain
= Bulgaria
=Basarbovo Monastery, Rousse
Belogradchik Rocks
Iskar Gorge, Sofia
Melnik Earth Pyramids, Melnik
Sozopol
Wonderful Bridges
Golden Bridges ('Zlatnite Mostove'), Vitosha
Golyamata Gramada ('Big Pile'), Vitosha
Pobiti Kamani
= Croatia
=Paklenica
Bijele stijene (White Rocks) and Samarske stijene (Samar Rocks), Velika Kapela mountain
= Czech Republic
=Teplice nad Metují
Medvědí Stezka (Bear's path), Šumava mountains, Klatovy
Vraní skála, Brdy
Suché skály, Turnov
Hruboskalsko
= Denmark
=Bornholm
Fur Formation
Møns Klint, Møn
Gedser Odde, Gedser
Stevns Klint, Eastern Zealand
Cliffs of Sangstrup, Djursland
= Estonia
=Vormsi island
= Finland
=Närpes
Naantali
= France
=Roussillon, Vaucluse
Lesconil, Brittany
Les Calanche, Corsica
Rocher des Doms, Avignon
Étretat, Normandy
Cassis, near Marseille, Provence
= Georgia
=Katskhi Pillar
= Germany
=List of rock formations in the Harz
Battert Rocks, Baden-Baden, Black Forest
Externsteine
Falkenfelsen
Lange Anna, Heligoland
Rotenfels, Nahe, Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg, Rhineland-Palatinate
Teufelsturm, Elbe Sandstone Mountains
Wasgau
= Greece
=Meteora
Monemvasia
Samaria Gorge, Crete
Sarti, Sithonia
= Gibraltar
=Rock of Gibraltar
= Bailiwick of Guernsey
=Les Autelets, Sark, Channel Islands
Telegraph Bay, Alderney, Channel Islands
= Iceland
=Vestmannaeyjar
Jokulsa Canyon National Park, Mývatn
Dimmuborgir, Mývatn
Dyrhólaey
Eystrahorn, Hvalnes
= Ireland
=Beara Peninsula, Bantry, County Cork
Skellig Rocks, Iveragh Peninsula, County Kerry
Gap of Dunloe, Killarney, County Kerry
Tory Island, County Donegal
Achill Island, County Mayo
Answering Stone, County Waterford
= Italy
=Il Gargano, Vieste, Apulia
Palmarola, Sicily
Pietra di Bismantova, Reggiano Apennines
Valle Seriana, Bergamo, Lombardy
Golfo di Orosei, Cala Luna, Monte Tiscali, Sardinia
Tarpeian Rock
The thrown stones, Lazio
= Latvia
=Vidzeme
Pusena Kalns, Bartava
= North Macedonia
=Stone town of Kuklica
Markovi Kuli
= Malta
=Dwerja, Gozo
Dingli Cliffs, Dingli
= Isle of Man
=Glen Maye, Isle of Man
= Norway
=Skude, Beiningen, Haugaland
Geirangerfjord
Preikestolen
Kjerag
Troll Wall
Nigardsbreen, part of the larger glacier Jostedalsbreen
Sommarøy, Tromsø
Jutulhogget (Rondane)
Trolltunga
= Poland
=Cudgel of Hercules – monadrock in Ojców National Park
Mnich
Słoneczna
Kościeliska Valley, Western Tatras
Dunajec River Gorge, Zakopane
= Portugal
=Ponta da Piedade, Lagos, Algarve
Albufeira
Porto Moniz, Madeira
Ponta de Sao Lourenco, Madeira
= Romania
=Apuseni Mountains: Detunatele
Bucegi Mountains: Babele, The Sphinx
Ciucaș Mountains: Porumbelul Bratocei, Colții Bratocei, Turnul Goliat, Babele la sfat, etc.
Făgăraş Mountains: Fereastra zmeilor
Hășmaș Mountains: Piatra singuratică
Piatra Craiului Mountains: La zaplaz, Cerdacul Stanciului, Turnul/Degetul lui Anghelide
Gorges: Bicaz Gorge, Turda Gorge, Danube's Iron Gate (includes Babacai Rock), Cheile Dobrogei, Cheile Sohodolului, Cheile Doftanei (aka Brebului)
Piatra Secuiului in Alba County
Piatra Verde (or Muntele Verde) and the Salt Mountain in Slănic
Râpa Roșie
= Russia
=The Three Brothers, Busani, Buryatia
Kamen Shahtai, Lake Baikal
Kisilyakh Range, Yakutia, topped by kigilyakh formations
Kisilyakh-Tas, Yakutia, topped by kigilyakh formations
Kontalaksky Golets, Zabaykalsky Krai
Kyun-Tas, Yakutia, topped by kigilyakh formations
Lena Cheeks, Irkutsk Oblast
Lena Pillars, Yakutia
Monrepo Park, Vyborg, St. Petersburg
Stolby National Park, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Sail Rock, Krasnodar Krai
Taganay National Park, Chelyabinsk
Ulakhan-Sis, Yakutia, topped by kigilyakh formations
= Serbia
=Đavolja Varoš (Devil's Town)
Prskalo waterfall, Kučaj mountains
Vratna Gates three natural stone bridges
Đavoljev kamen near Trgovište
= Spain
=Los Roques de Garcia, Tenerife Island, Canary Islands
Las Canades, Tenerife Island, Canary Islands
Ciudad Encantada, Castilla–La Mancha
Picuezo and Picueza, Autol, La Rioja
Fuente de los Azulejos, Gran Canaria Island, Canary Islands
El Torcal de Antequera and Peña de los Enamorados, Antequera, Andalusia, a World Heritages Sites
Roque Nublo, Gran Canaria Island, Canary Islands
Montserrat, Catalonia
Roques de Benet, Ports de Beseit, Catalonia
Los Callejones de Las Majadas, Serranía de Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha
El Guerrero Romano, Sierra Carrascosa, Aragon
Mallos de Riglos, Las Peñas de Riglos, Aragon
Peña Bajenza in La Rioja
Las Médulas, Province of León, site of Roman gold mines
La Peña, Arcos de la Frontera, Andalusia
Peñón de Ifach, Calpe, Valencian Community
= Sweden
=The islands Gotland, Fårö and Öland have many coastal stretches with stack formations.
Busten, Glaskogens Nature Reserve, Kalleboda
Stegborgsgarden, Stegborg
Stenhamra, Uppland
= Switzerland
=Mount Pilatus
Val dal Botsch
= Slovakia
=Lehotské skaly, near Handlová
Haligovské skaly, near Stará Ľubovňa
Súľovské skaly (part of the Súľovské vrchy Mountains)
Zelené Pleso Valley (in the High Tatras)
Devin Castle, Devin
= Ukraine
=Hoverla, Carpathian Mountains
Nikita, Ukraine, Yalta
Skaly Taraktasky, Crimea
Karadag, Crimea
Cape Fiolent, Sevastopol
= United Kingdom
=Oceania
= Australia
=The Three Sisters, Katoomba – Blue Mountains, New South Wales
Devils Marbles, Northern Territory
Kata Tjuta, also known as The Olgas, Northern Territory
Rainbow Valley, Northern Territory
Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, Northern Territory
Murphys Haystacks, Nullarbor Desert, South Australia
Remarkable Rocks, South Australia
Twelve Apostles, Great Ocean Road, Victoria
Mount Augustus, Western Australia
Pinnacles Desert, Nambung National Park, Western Australia
Wave Rock, Hyden, Western Australia
= New Zealand
=Castle Hill Basin, Canterbury
Koutu Boulders, Hokianga
Māori Bay giant pillow lava, Muriwai
Lion Rock, Piha
Moeraki Boulders, Otago
The Nuggets, Catlins Coast, Otago
Pancake Rocks, Punakaiki
Putangirua Pinnacles, Wairarapa
Stony Batter, Waiheke Island
Truman Track Beach, Punakaiki
Horeke basalts, Hokianga
Gog and Magog, southern Stewart Island / Rakiura
= Other countries
=Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia
Moso's Footprint, Samoa
Talava Arches, Niue, South Pacific
See also
Formation of rocks – Process of rock formations
List of individual rocks
List of landforms
List of rock formations that resemble human beings
List of rocks on Mars – Alphabetical list of named rocks and meteorites found on Mars
Rock cycle – Transitional concept of geologic time
References
External links
Media related to Rock formations at Wikimedia Commons
The dictionary definition of formation at Wiktionary
https://ocre-geoscience.com/ocre-geomap/
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Laut Tiongkok Selatan
- Bumi Bola Salju
- Mahāvaṁsa
- List of rock formations
- List of rock formations in Bulgaria
- List of rock formations in the United States
- List of rock formations of New Zealand
- List of rock formations that resemble human beings
- List of rock formations in the United Kingdom
- List of individual rocks
- Geography of Albania
- Rock formations of Adélie Land
- List of rock types
