- Source: List of Unicode characters
As of Unicode version 16.0, there are 155,063 characters with code points, covering 168 modern and historical scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets. This article includes the 1,062 characters in the Multilingual European Character Set 2 (MES-2) subset, and some additional related characters.
Character reference overview
HTML and XML provide ways to reference Unicode characters when the characters themselves either cannot or should not be used. A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name.
A numeric character reference uses the format
&#nnnn;
or
&#xhhhh;
where nnnn is the code point in decimal form, and hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form. The x must be lowercase in XML documents. The nnnn or hhhh may be any number of digits and may include leading zeros. The hhhh may mix uppercase and lowercase, though uppercase is the usual style.
In contrast, a character entity reference refers to a character by the name of an entity which has the desired character as its replacement text. The entity must either be predefined (built into the markup language) or explicitly declared in a Document Type Definition (DTD). The format is the same as for any entity reference:
&name;
where name is the case-sensitive name of the entity. The semicolon is required.
Because numbers are harder for humans to remember than names, character entity references are most often written by humans, while numeric character references are most often produced by computer programs.
Control codes
65 characters, including DEL. All belong to the common script.
Footnotes:
1 Control-C has typically been used as a "break" or "interrupt" key.
2 Control-D has been used to signal "end of file" for text typed in at the terminal on Unix / Linux systems. Windows, DOS, and older minicomputers used Control-Z for this purpose.
3 Control-G is an artifact of the days when teletypes were in use. Important messages could be signalled by striking the bell on the teletype. This was carried over on PCs by generating a buzz sound.
4 Line feed is used for "end of line" in text files on Unix / Linux systems.
5 Carriage Return (accompanied by line feed) is used as "end of line" character by Windows, DOS, and most minicomputers other than Unix- / Linux-based systems
6 Control-O has been the "discard output" key. Output is not sent to the terminal, but discarded, until another Control-o is typed.
7 Control-Q has been used to tell a host computer to resume sending output after it was stopped by Control-S.
8 Control-S has been used to tell a host computer to postpone sending output to the terminal. Output is suspended until restarted by the Control-Q key.
9 Control-U was originally used by Digital Equipment Corporation computers to cancel the current line of typed-in text. Other manufacturers used Control-X for this purpose.
10 Control-X was commonly used to cancel a line of input typed in at the terminal.
11 Control-Z has commonly been used on minicomputers, Windows and DOS systems to indicate "end of file" either on a terminal or in a text file. Unix / Linux systems use Control-D to indicate end-of-file at a terminal.
Latin script
The Unicode Standard (version 16.0) classifies 1,487 characters as belonging to the Latin script.
= Basic Latin
=95 characters; the 52 alphabet characters belong to the Latin script. The remaining 43 belong to the common script.
The 33 characters classified as ASCII Punctuation & Symbols are also sometimes referred to as ASCII special characters. Often only these characters (and not other Unicode punctuation) are what is meant when an organization says a password "requires punctuation marks".
= Latin-1 Supplement
=96 characters; the 62 letters, and two ordinal indicators belong to the Latin script. The remaining 32 belong to the common script.
= Latin Extended-A
=128 characters; all belong to the Latin script.
= Latin Extended-B
=208 characters; all belong to the Latin script; 33 in the MES-2 subset.
= Latin Extended Additional
=256 characters; all belong to the Latin script; 23 in the MES-2 subset.
= Additional Latin Extended
=Latin Extended-C (Unicode block)
Latin Extended-D (Unicode block)
Latin Extended-E (Unicode block)
Latin Extended-F (Unicode block)
Latin Extended-G (Unicode block)
Phonetic scripts
= IPA Extensions
=96 characters; all belong to the Latin script; three in the MES-2 subset.
= Spacing modifier letters
=80 characters; 15 in the MES-2 subset.
= Phonetic Extensions
=Phonetic Extensions (Unicode block)
Phonetic Extensions Supplement (Unicode block)
Combining marks
Greek and Coptic
144 code points; 135 assigned characters; 85 in the MES-2 subset.
= Greek Extended
=For polytonic orthography. 256 code points; 233 assigned characters, all in the MES-2 subset (#670 – 902).
Cyrillic
256 characters; 191 in the MES-2 subset.
= Cyrillic supplements
=Cyrillic Supplement (Unicode block)
Cyrillic Extended-A (Unicode block)
Cyrillic Extended-B (Unicode block)
Cyrillic Extended-C (Unicode block)
Cyrillic Extended-D (Unicode block)
Armenian
Semitic languages
= Arabic
== Hebrew
== Syriac
== Mandaic
=Mandaic (Unicode block)
= Samaritan
=Samaritan (Unicode block)
Thaana
Brahmic (Indic) scripts
The range from U+0900 to U+0DFF includes Devanagari, Bengali script, Gurmukhi, Gujarati script, Odia alphabet, Tamil script, Telugu script, Kannada script, Malayalam script, and Sinhala script.
= Devanagari
== Bengali and Assamese
== Gurmukhi
== Gujarati
== Oriya
== Tamil
== Telugu
== Kannada
== Malayalam
== Sinhala
== Other Brahmic scripts
=Other Brahmic and Indic scripts in Unicode include:
Other South and Central Asian writing systems
Gunjala Gondi (Unicode block)
Masaram Gondi (Unicode block)
Mro (Unicode block)
Nag Mundari (Unicode block)
Ol Chiki (Unicode block)
Ol Onal (Unicode block)
Sora Sompeng (Unicode block)
Sunuwar (Unicode block)
Tangsa (Unicode block)
Toto (Unicode block)
Warang Citi (Unicode block)
Southeast Asian writing systems
Hanifi Rohingya (Unicode block)
Kayah Li (Unicode block)
Pahawh Hmong (Unicode block)
Pau Cin Hau (Unicode block)
Georgian
African scripts
= Ge'ez/Ethiopic script
== Other African scripts
=Adlam (Unicode block)
Bamum (Unicode block)
Bamum Supplement (Unicode block)
Bassa Vah (Unicode block)
Garay (Unicode block)
Medefaidrin (Unicode block)
Mende Kikakui (Unicode block)
NKo (Unicode block)
Osmanya (Unicode block)
Ottoman Siyaq Numbers
Tifinagh (Unicode block)
Vai (Unicode block)
American scripts
= Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics
== Other American scripts
=Cherokee (Unicode block)
Cherokee Supplement (Unicode block)
Deseret (Unicode block)
Kaktovik Numerals (Unicode block)
Osage (Unicode block)
Mongolian
Unicode symbols
General Punctuation
112 code points; 111 assigned characters; 24 in the MES-2 subset.
Superscripts and Subscripts
Currency Symbols
Letterlike Symbols
Number Forms
Arrows
Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows (Unicode block)
Supplemental Arrows-A (Unicode block)
Supplemental Arrows-B (Unicode block)
Supplemental Arrows-C (Unicode block)
Mathematical symbols
Supplemental Mathematical Operators (Unicode block)
Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A (Unicode block)
Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B (Unicode block)
Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols: Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols (Unicode block)
Miscellaneous Technical
Control Pictures
Optical Character Recognition
Enclosed Alphanumerics
Box Drawing
Block Elements
Geometric Shapes
Symbols for Legacy Computing
Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement
Miscellaneous Symbols
Dingbats
East Asian writing systems
= CJK Symbols and Punctuation
== Hiragana
== Katakana
=Kana Extended-A (Unicode block)
Kana Extended-B (Unicode block)
Kana Supplement (Unicode block)
Katakana Phonetic Extensions (Unicode block)
Small Kana Extension (Unicode block)
= Bopomofo
== Hangul Jamo and Compatibility Jamo
== Kanbun
== Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
== CJK Compatibility
== CJK Compatibility Forms
== CJK Unified Ideographs
=CJK Unified Ideographs
= CJK Radicals
=CJK Radicals Supplement (Unicode block)
CJK Strokes (Unicode block)
Kangxi Radicals (Unicode block)
= Other East Asian writing systems
=Counting Rod Numerals (Unicode block)
Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms (Unicode block)
Ideographic Description Characters (Unicode block)
Khitan Small Script (Unicode block)
Lisu (Unicode block)
Lisu Supplement (Unicode block)
Miao (Unicode block)
Modifier Tone Letters (Unicode block)
Nushu (Unicode block)
Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong (Unicode block)
Small Form Variants (Unicode block)
Tai Xuan Jing Symbols (Unicode block)
Tangut (Unicode block)
Tangut Components (Unicode block)
Tangut Supplement (Unicode block)
Vertical Forms (Unicode block)
Wancho (Unicode block)
Yi Syllables (Unicode block)
Yi Radicals (Unicode block)
Yijing Hexagram Symbols (Unicode block)
Alphabetic Presentation Forms
Ancient and historic scripts
Shavian
Notational systems
= Braille
=Braille Patterns (Unicode block)
= Music
=Western Musical Symbols (Unicode block)
Byzantine Musical Symbols (Unicode block)
Ancient Greek Musical Notation (Unicode block)
Znamenny Musical Notation (Unicode block)
= Shorthand
=Duployan (Unicode block)
Shorthand Format Controls (Unicode block)
= Sutton SignWriting
=Sutton SignWriting: Sutton SignWriting (Unicode block)
Emoji
Emoji in Unicode
Alchemical symbols
Game symbols
= Mahjong Tiles
== Domino Tiles
== Playing Cards
== Chess Symbols
=Special areas and format characters
Private Use Areas
Private Use Area (Unicode block)
Supplementary Private Use Area-A (Unicode block)
Supplementary Private Use Area-B (Unicode block)
Specials (Unicode block)
Surrogates
Low Surrogates (Unicode block)
High Surrogates (Unicode block)
High Private Use Surrogates (Unicode block)
Tags (Unicode block)
Variation Selectors
Variation Selectors (Unicode block)
Variation Selectors Supplement (Unicode block)
See also
Comparison of Unicode encodings
Open-source Unicode typefaces
GNU Unifont – Duospaced bitmap font
List of radicals in Unicode
List of Unicode fonts
List of typefaces
Typographic unit
Unicode Consortium
Fallback font – A type of reserve typeface
Unicode font
Universal Character Set characters
DIN 91379 Unicode subset for Europe
List of Cyrillic letters
List of Latin letters by shape
References
Unicode Character Code Charts, Unicode, Inc.
CWA 13873:2000 – Multilingual European Subsets in ISO/IEC 10646-1 CEN Workshop Agreement 13873
Multilingual European Character Set 2 (MES-2) Rationale, Markus Kuhn, 1998
External links
Official web site of the Unicode Consortium (English)
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Radikal 211
- Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs
- Dche (Kiril)
- Abjad Arab
- Uk (Kiril)
- Bahasa Likia
- Radikal (Aksara Han)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī
- Alfabet Deseret
- Bahasa Ibrani Alkitab
- List of Unicode characters
- Unicode
- List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks
- Box-drawing characters
- List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode
- Universal Character Set characters
- CJK Unified Ideographs
- Unicode character property
- Unicode font
- Latin script in Unicode
