• Source: Littorinidae

The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide.




Names


In English-speaking countries, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.




Taxonomy


These subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 – synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 – synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:

Littorininae
Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 – synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009; Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009
Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
Littorina Férussac, 1822 – 18 species – type genus
Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885
Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
Echinolittorina – 59 species worldwide
Austrolittorina – five species
Afrolittorina – four species
Nodilittorina s.s. – the monotypic subgenus
Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.
Lacuninae
Bembicium Philippi, 1846
Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869 – freshwater snails living in waterfalls.
Lacuna Turton, 1827 – synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902
Laevilitorininae
Laevilacunaria Powell, 1951
Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamily ?

Algamorda Dall, 1918
Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966
Synonyms

Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: synonym of Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 represented as Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885
Macquariella Finlay, 1926: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: synonym of Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886




References



"Littorinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1




Further reading



David G. Reid; Suzanne T. Williams (2004). "The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Hum-hum
• Siput api-api
• Siput api-api eropa
• Littorinidae
• Freshwater snail
• Whelk
• Littorina
• Lacuna
• Common periwinkle
• Periwinkle
• Winkle
• Diphallia
• List of edible molluscs