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    • Source: Long I

      • Long i (Latin: i longum or [littera] i longa), written āŸØźŸ¾āŸ©, is a variant of the letter i found in ancient and early medieval forms of the Latin script.


      History


      In inscriptions dating to the early Roman Empire, it is used frequently but inconsistently to transcribe the long vowel /iĖ/. In Gordon's 1957 study of inscriptions, it represented this vowel approximately 4% of the time in the 1st century CE, then 22.6% in the 2nd century, 11% in the 3rd, and not at all from the 4th century onward, reflecting a loss of phonemic vowel length by this time (one of the phonological changes from Classical Latin to Proto-Romance). In this role it is equivalent to the (also inconsistently-used) apex, which can appear on any long vowel: āŸØĆ” Ć© Ć­ Ć³ vĢāŸ© /aĖ eĖ iĖ oĖ uĖ/. An example would be āŸØfIliIāŸ©, which is generally spelled fÄ«liÄ« today, using macrons rather than apices to indicate long vowels. On rare occasions, an apex could combine with long i to form āŸØƍāŸ©, e.g. āŸØdƍsĀ·mĆ”nibusāŸ©.
      The long i could also be used to indicate the semivowel [j], e.g. āŸØIVSTVSāŸ© or āŸØCVIIVSāŸ©, the latter also āŸØCVIVSāŸ©, pronounced [ĖˆjŹŠstŹŠs, ĖˆkŹŠjĖŹŠs]. It was also used to write a close allophone [i] of the short i phoneme, used before another vowel, as in āŸØCLAVDIOāŸ©, representing [ĖˆklauĢÆ.di.oĖ].
      Later on in the late Empire and afterwards, in some forms of New Roman cursive, as well as pre-Carolingian scripts of the Early Middle Ages such as Visigothic or Merovingian, it came to stand for the vowel āŸØiāŸ© in word-initial position. For example, āŸØiNponunt in umeroÅæāŸ©, which would be inpōnunt in umerōs in modern spelling.


      In Unicode


      The character exists in Unicode as U+A7FE latin epigraphic letter i longa, āŸØźŸ¾āŸ©, having been suggested in a 2006 proposal.


      Examples

































      References




      See also


      Apex (diacritic)

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