• Source: Low Alemannic German

Low Alemannic German (German: Niederalemannisch) is a branch of Alemannic German, which is part of Upper German. Its varieties are only partly intelligible to non-Alemannic speakers.




Subdivisions


Lake Constance Alemannic (de)
Northern Vorarlberg (de)
Allgäu dialect (de)
Baar dialect
Southern Württemberg
Upper Rhenish Alemannic (de)
Basel German
Baden dialects north of Markgräflerland
Alsatian, spoken in Alsace, in some villages of the Phalsbourg county in Lorraine and by some Amish in Indiana
Low Alemannic dialects in the Black Forest
Colonia Tovar dialect, Venezuela




Features


The feature that distinguishes Low Alemannic from High Alemannic is the retention of Germanic /k/, for instance kalt 'cold' vs. High Alemannic chalt.
The feature that distinguishes Low Alemannic from Swabian is the retention of the Middle High German monophthongs, for instance Huus 'house' vs. Swabian Hous or Ziit 'time' vs. Swabian Zejt.




Orthography


(All of the below is specific to the dialects spoken near Freiburg im Breisgau)
Vowels:

Consonants:
Are as in Standard German, with the following notes:

kh is an aspirated [kʰ]
ng is a velar nasal [ŋ]
ngg is a velar nasal followed by a velar plosive [ŋɡ]
ph is an aspirated [pʰ]
th is an aspirated [tʰ]




Articles


Definite Article

Indefinite Article




Substantives


Plurals

Class I: Plural = Singular (e.g. Ääber → Ääber)
Class II: Plural = Singular + Umlaut (e.g. Baum → Baim; Vader → Väder)
Class IIIa: Plural = Singular + -e (e.g. Man → Mane; Ags → Agse)
Class IIIb: Plural = Singular + -̈e (e.g. Frosch → Fresche)
Class IVa: Plural = Singular + -er (e.g. Lyyb → Lyyber; Schùg → Schùger)
Class IVb: Plural = Singular + -̈er (e.g. Wald → Wälder; Blad → Bleder)
Class V: No Plural (e.g. Chees; Zemänd)
Class VI: No Singular (Plural Only) (e.g. Bilger; Fèèrine)
Diminutives

Standard ending is -li (e.g. Aimer → Aimerli)
If the word ends in -l, then the ending is -eli (e.g. Dääl → Dääleli)
If the word ends in -el, then the ending is -i (e.g. Degel → Degeli)
If the word ends in -e, remove the -e and add -li (e.g. Bèère → Bèèrli)
The rules for this can be quite complex and depend on the region. Sometimes diminutives require umlaut, other times not.




Adjectives


Weak Declension

Strong Declension

Comparative

Standard ending -er (e.g. fèin → fèiner)
Superlative

Standard ending -(e)schd (e.g. fèin → fèinschd)
Irregular




Pronouns


Personal Pronouns




Verbs


1. Infinitive
Infinitive ends in -e

Some monosyllabic verbs do not have this ending (e.g. chùù, döe, goo, gschää, haa, loo, nee, sää, schdoo, schlaa, syy, zie, etc.)
2. Participle
2.1 Prefix

The prefix for g- or ge-
Before b, d, g, bf, dsch, and z is merged into the word and not visible (e.g. broochd, glaubd, etc.)
2.2 Suffix

Strong Verbs end in -e (e.g. gäse, glofe)
Weak Verbs end in -d or -ed (e.g. bùzd, gchaufd)
2.3 Types
2.3.1 Infinitive and Present Sg y/èi/ai - Participle i
2.3.1.1 y > i (e.g. abwyyse > abgwiise)
2.3.1.2 èi > i (e.g. verzèie > verziie)
2.3.1.3 ai > i (e.g. schaide > gschiide)
2.3.2 Infinitive and Present Sg ie/u/au/èi/i - Participle o/öu/öe
2.3.2.1 ie > o (e.g. biede > bode)
2.3.2.2 u > o (e.g. sufe > gsofe)
2.3.2.3 au > o (e.g. laufe > glofe)
2.3.2.4 èi > öu (e.g. rèie > gröue)
2.3.2.5 ie > öe (e.g. riefe > gröefe)
2.3.2.5 i > o (e.g. wiige > gwooge)
2.3.3 Infinitive and Present Sg i - Participle ù
2.3.3.1 i > u (e.g. binde > bùnde)
2.3.4 Infinitive ä/e - Present i - Participle o/u
2.3.4.1 ä - i - o (e.g. bräche > broche)
2.3.4.2 ä - i - u (e.g. hälfe > ghùlfe)
2.3.4.3 e/è - i - o (e.g. verdèèrbe > verdoorbe)
2.3.4.4 e - i - ù (e.g. schmelze > gschmùlze)
2.3.5 Infinitive ä/i - Present i - Participle ä
2.3.5.1 ä - i - ä (e.g. äse > gäse)
2.3.5.2 i - i - ä (e.g. bide > bäde)
2.3.6 Infinitive Vowel is the same as the Participle
2.3.5.1 (e.g. bache > bache; fale > gfale)

3. Conjugation
3.1 Present Tense
3.1.1 Regular Verb




Numbers






References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Wild Hunt
• Aach, Baden-Württemberg
• Low Alemannic German
• Alemannic German
• High Alemannic German
• List of Germanic languages
• Swiss German
• High German languages
• Upper German
• German language in the United States
• Alemannic Wikipedia
• Colonia Tovar dialect