• Source: Manidae

Manidae ("spirits") is the only extant family of pangolins. This family comprises three genera (Manis from subfamily Maninae, Phataginus from subfamily Phatagininae, and Smutsia from subfamily Smutsiinae), as well as the extinct Fayum pangolin.




Classification and phylogeny






= History of classification

=
All species of living pangolin had been assigned to the genus Manis until the late 2000s, when research prompted the splitting of extant pangolins into three genera: Manis, Phataginus, and Smutsia.




= Taxonomy

=
Family: Manidae (pangolins)
Subfamily: Maninae (Gray, 1821) (Asian pangolins)
Genus: Manis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Asian pangolin)
(unranked): northern Asian clade
Manis pentadactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chinese pangolin)
†Manis hungarica (Kormos, 1934)
(unranked): southern Asian clade
Manis crassicaudata (Gray, 1827) (Indian pangolin)
Manis sp. (Scale_H4 & Scale_H8)
†Manis lydekkeri (Dubois, 1908)
Subgenus: Paramanis (Pocock, 1924) (Southeast Asian pangolin)
Manis javanica (Desmarest, 1822) (Sunda pangolin)
Manis culionensis (de Elera, 1895) (Philippine pangolin)
†Manis palaeojavanica (Dubois, 1907) (giant Asian pangolin)
(unranked): African clade
Subfamily: Phatagininae (Gaubert, 2017) (small African pangolins)
Genus: Phataginus (Rafinesque, 1821) (African tree pangolin)
Phataginus tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1766) (long-tailed pangolin)
Phataginus tricuspis (Rafinesque, 1821) (tree pangolin)
Subfamily: Smutsiinae (Gray, 1873) (large African pangolins)
Genus: Smutsia (Gray, 1865) (African ground pangolin)
Smutsia gigantea (Illiger, 1815) (giant pangolin)
Smutsia temmincki (Smuts, 1832) (ground pangolin)
†Smutsia olteniensis (Terhune, 2021)
Incertae sedis
†Manidae sp. [DPC 3972 & DPC 4364] (Gebo & Rasmussen, 1985) (Fayum pangolin)




= Phylogeny

=
Phylogenetic position of family Manidae within superfamily Manoidea.




See also


Mammal classification
Manoidea




References






External links


ZSL Pangolin Conservation
Pangolin: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife Foundation
Tree of Life of Pholidota
National Geographic video of a pangolin
Proceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia (PDF)
The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis Archived 2015-09-25 at the Wayback Machine (PDF)
Bromley, Victoria (Director/Producer), Young, Nora (Narrator/Host), Diekmann, Maria (2018). Nature: The World's Most Wanted Animal. United States: PBS.
Coronavirus: Revenge of the Pangolins? The New York Times, March 6, 2020.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Tenggiling
• Daftar mamalia di Indonesia
• Daftar tumbuhan dan satwa dilindungi di Indonesia
• Tenggiling sunda
• Manis (genus)
• Manidae
• Pangolin
• Manis
• List of pholidotans
• Ground pangolin
• Pangolin (disambiguation)
• Sunda pangolin
• Phataginus
• Indian pangolin
• Giant pangolin