• Source: Marsiya

      • A marsiya (Persian: مَرْثِیَه; Urdu: مرثیہ) is an elegiac poem written to commemorate the martyrdom and valour of Hussain ibn Ali, his family, and his companions at the tragedy of Karbala. Marsiyas are essentially religious lamentations.


      Background


      The word Marsiya is derived from the Arabic word marthiyya (Arabic: مارْثِيَّه‎; root R-TH-Y), meaning a great tragedy or lamentation for a departed soul. Marsiya is a poem written to commemorate the martyrdom of Ahl al-Bayt, Imam Hussain and Battle of Karbala. It is usually a poem of mourning.
      Marsiyas in Urdu first appeared in the sixteenth century in the Deccan kingdoms of India. They were written either in the two-line unit form, qasida, or the four-line unit form, murabba. Over time, the musaddas became the most suitable form for a marsiya. In this form, the first four lines of each stanza referred to as the band have one rhyme scheme while the remaining two line referred to as the tip have another. Poets who recite marsiyas are called marsiakhawan.
      This form found a specially congenial soil in Lucknow, an important Shia Muslim community in the Indian subcontinent, where it was regarded as an act of piety and religious duty to eulogize and bemoan the martyrs of the battle of Karbala. The genre was championed by Mir Babar Ali Anis.
      Famous marsiya writers in Urdu include Mir Babar Ali Anis, Mirza Salamat Ali Dabeer, Ali Haider Tabatabai, Najm Afandi, Josh Malihabadi, and others. Well-known Persian poets of the genre include Muhtasham Kashani, Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Qayamat and Samet Borujerdi. In Turkish, Bâkî composed an important marsiya.
      Mir Babar Ali Anis, a renowned Urdu poet, composed salāms, elegies, nohas and quatrains. While the length of elegy initially had no more than forty or fifty stanzas, he pushed it beyond one hundred fifty or even longer than two hundred stanzas or bands, as each unit of marsiya in the musaddas format is known. Mir Anis drew upon the vocabulary of Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Hindi, and Awadhi to a great degree. He has become an essential element of Muharram among the Urdu-speakers of the Indian subcontinent. The first major and still current critical articulation about Mir Anis was Muazna-e-Anis-o-Dabir (1907) written by Shibli Nomani in which he said "the poetic qualities and merits of Anis are not matched by any other poet".
      Chhannu Lal Dilgeer (c 1780–c 1848), another marsiya poet, was born during the reign of Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah, the Nawab wazir of Oudh. He was initially a ghazal poet with the takhallus ‘Tarab’, before focusing on marsiya at a later stage. He converted to Islam and changed his name to Ghulam Hussain. His most popular marsiya is called Ghabraye Gi Zaynab, Ghabraye Gi Zaynab (Urdu: گھبراۓ گی زینب گھبراۓ گی زینب).


      See also


      List of Marsiya writers in Urdu
      Shahr Ashob
      Urdu literature
      Urdu poetry
      Rekhta
      History of Urdu
      Waheed Akhtar
      Kashmiri Marsiya


      References




      Cited sources


      Naim, C. M. (2004). Urdu Texts and Contexts: The Selected Essays of C.M. Naim. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-7824-075-6.


      External links


      Soaz Salam Book [1]
      Online Books Available [2]
      Marsiya Book https://archive.org/details/soaz-salam-12-05-2023/Marsiya%2019-04-2023/
      Rauf Parekh (2013-11-11). "Karbalai marsiya in Urdu and Persian". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
      Rauf Parekh (2013-11-25). "Dabeer, new marsiya and the 'praise-me' virus". Dawn.Com. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
      Rana Safvi (2013-11-12). "RANA's SPACE: The Art of Marsiya Writing and Reciting". Rana-safvi.blogspot.in. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
      Trivedi, Madhu (2010). The Making of the Awadh Culture - Madhu Trivedi - Google Books. Primus Books. ISBN 9788190891882. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
      Madhu Trivedi. Appropriating an Iranian Literary Tradition: Marsiya in the Indian Context (PDF). great-iran.com. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
      Amy Bard. "Value and Vitality in a Literary Tradition: Female Poets and the Urdu Marsiya" (PDF). Columbia University. Retrieved 2014-01-01.
      Marsiya of Imam Hasan Hussain
      Soazkhwani by Professor Sibte Jafar Zaidi
      Soaz by Sibte Jaffer
      Soazkhwani by Syed Ali Ausat Zaidi
      Soazkhwani by Azeemul Mohsin
      Soazkhuani by Syed Hasan Abid Jafri
      Soazkhuani by Syed Abid Hussain (Hatif Alwari)
      Soazkhuani by Muhammad Ali Naqvi

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