• Source: Monoamine neurotoxin

A monoamine neurotoxin, or monoaminergic neurotoxin, is a drug that selectively damages or destroys monoaminergic neurons. Monoaminergic neurons are neurons that signal via stimulation by monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.
Examples of monoamine neurotoxins include the serotonergic neurotoxins para-chloroamphetamine (PCA), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT); the dopaminergic neurotoxins oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine), MPTP, and methamphetamine; and the noradrenergic neurotoxins oxidopamine and DSP-4.
Dopaminergic neurotoxins can induce a Parkinson's disease-like condition in animals and humans. Serotonergic neurotoxins have been associated with cognitive and memory deficits and psychiatric changes.




List of monoamine neurotoxins






= Serotonergic neurotoxins

=



Phenethylamines

2,4-Dichloroamphetamine (2,4-DCA)
2,4,5-Trihydroxyamphetamine (2,4,5-THA)
2,4,5-Trihydroxymethamphetamine (2,4,5-THMA)
3-Chloroamphetamine (3-CA)
3,4-Dichloroamphetamine (3,4-DCA)
3,4-Dihydroxyamphetamine (HHA; 3,4-DHA; α-methyldopamine; α-Me-DA)
3,4-Dihydroxymethamphetamine (HHMA; 3,4-DHMA; α-methylepinine; α,N-dimethyldopamine)
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)
3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA)
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine (4-CAB; 4-chloro-α-desmethyl-α-ethylamphetamine; α-ethyl-PCA)
5-MAPB (5-MBPB)
Fenfluramine
Mephedrone
Methamphetamine
Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB)
Methylone
Norfenfluramine
para-Bromoamphetamine (PBA; 4-bromoamphetamine; 4-BA)
para-Chloroamphetamine (PCA; 4-chloroamphetamine; 4-CA)
para-Chloromethamphetamine (PCMA; 4-chloromethamphetamine; 4-PCMA)
para-Iodoamphetamine (PIA; 4-iodoamphetamine; 4-IA)



Tryptamines

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT)
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT)
α-Ethyltryptamine (αET)



2-Aminoindans

5-Iodo-2-aminoindan (5-IAI) (weak)
5-Methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindane (MMAI) (weak; alone and with amphetamine)
5,6-Methylenedioxy-2-aminoindan (MDAI) (weak; alone and with amphetamine)



MPTP-related

2′-NH2-MPTP (2′-amino-MPTP)
Haloperidol
HPP+ (haloperidol pyridinium)
HPTP




= Dopaminergic neurotoxins

=



Phenethylamines

2,4,5-Trihydroxyamphetamine (2,4,5-THA)
2,4,5-Trihydroxymethamphetamine (2,4,5-THMA)
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (in mice but not in humans)
6-Hydroxydopa (6-OH-DOPA, 6-OHDOPA)
6-Hydroxydopamine quinone (6-OHDA quinone; oxidopamine quinone)
Amphetamine
Mephedrone
Methamphetamine
Methylone
Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine; 6-OHDA)



= Dopamine and metabolites
=
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL; dopamine aldehyde)
5-S-Cysteinyldopamine (5-S-CyS-DA)
DOPA quinone
DOPAL quinone
Dopamine
Dopamine quinone
N-Methylnorsalsolinol
Norsalsolinol
Salsolinol



Tryptamines

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT)



MPTP-related

2′-CH3-MPTP (2′-methyl-MPTP)
Haloperidol
HPP+ (haloperidol pyridinium)
HPTP
MPP+ (cyperquat)
MPTP



Pesticides

Benomyl
Daidzin
Dieldrin
Fenpropathrin
Mancozeb
Maneb
Paraquat
Rotenone
Ziram



Others

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitors (e.g., disulfiram, methylmercury)




= Noradrenergic neurotoxins

=



Phenethylamines and related

2,4,5-Trihydroxyamphetamine (2,4,5-THA)
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL; norepinephrine/epinephrine aldehyde)
5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT)
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT)
6-Hydroxydopa (6-OH-DOPA, 6-OHDOPA)
DSP-4
Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine; 6-OHDA)
Xylamine



MPTP-related

2′-NH2-MPTP (2′-amino-MPTP)




= Unsorted or unknown

=
5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde (5-HIAL)
RHPP+
RHPTP




See also


Monoamine-depleting agent




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Monoamine neurotoxin
• Monoamine-depleting agent
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
• Monoamine oxidase
• Monoamine oxidase A
• Monoamine transporter
• Vesicular monoamine transporter
• Cyclobenzaprine
• Dopaminergic
• List of dopaminergic drugs