- Source: MS
- Source: .ms
- Source: Ms.
MS, ms, Ms, M.S., etc. may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Ms. (magazine), an American feminist magazine
Metal Storm (webzine), a heavy metal website based in Estonia
Businesses and organizations
MS-13, criminal gang
Młodzi Socjaliści (Young Socialists), a former Polish socialist youth organization
Morgan Stanley, a US investment bank (NYSE stock symbol: MS)
Mjólkursamsalan, an Icelandic dairy company
Microsoft, an American multinational corporation and technology company
Motorola Solutions, an American communications equipment manufacturer
Educational qualifications
Master of Science, a master's degree in the field of science
Master of Surgery, an advanced medical degree
Master Sommelier, a terminal degree in the field of wine
Mastère spécialisé, a French postgraduate grande école master's degree
Medicine
Mitral stenosis, narrowing of the mitral valve of the heart
Morphine sulfate, an opiate pain-relieving drug
Multiple sclerosis, a disease of the nervous system
Military
Master seaman, a non-commissioned member rank of the Canadian Navy
Mess Management Specialist, a former U.S. Navy occupational rating now covered by culinary specialist
Places
Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, postal code MS
Mississippi, a U.S. state, official abbreviation
Montserrat, Caribbean island nation (ISO 3166-2 country code: MS)
Religion
Missionaries of La Salette, a Catholic male religious congregation
Science and technology
= Computing
=.ms, the top level Internet domain for Montserrat in the Caribbean
Master System, a third-generation video game console produced by Sega
Microsoft, an American-based global software company
Mobile station, a piece of equipment for communication with a mobile network
= Units of measure
=Megasiemens (MS), and millisiemens (mS), multiples of the unit of electric conductance siemens
Metre per second (m/s), a unit of velocity (speed)
Metre second (m s), a unit of absement (sustained displacement of an object)
Millisecond (ms), and megasecond (Ms), multiples of the unit of time second
= Other uses in science and technology
=Surface-wave magnitude (Ms), a seismic scale
Solar mass (MS), an alternate symbol to M⊙
Mass spectrometry, a method of determining the chemical composition or exact mass of molecules
Master of Science, a postgraduate university master's degree
Mesylate, a chemical salt
Spin quantum number,
m
s
{\displaystyle m_{s}}
Transportation
Egyptair, by its IATA code "MS"
Motor ship, ship prefix
Chennai Egmore railway station, code MS
Other uses
Ms., a title for women providing no indication of marital status
MS (cigarette), an Italian brand of cigarettes
MS (satellite), a series of four Soviet satellites launched in 1962
Malay language, of Southeast Asia (ISO 639-1 language code: ms)
Manuscript, abbreviation (ms.) for a written or typed document
Member of the Senedd (formerly Assembly Member), Welsh Parliament legislator
Memoriae Sacrum (Latin for "Sacred to the Memory"), an epitaph
Multan Sultans, a professional Twenty20 franchise cricket team in the Pakistan Super League
See also
M&S (disambiguation)
M/S (disambiguation)
All pages with titles beginning with MS
All pages with titles containing MS
All pages with titles beginning with M. S.
All pages with titles containing M-S
M (disambiguation), including the singular of Ms
S (disambiguation)
SM (disambiguation)
MSMS (disambiguation)
.ms is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Montserrat, a British Overseas Territory.
Usage examples
Microsoft uses this as an abbreviation for projects such as ch9.ms or 1drv.ms for its OneDrive. In particular, aka.ms is used extensively as a URL shortener for Microsoft's web sites, such as http://aka.ms/MFAsetup.
Websites based in, or having to do with, the U.S. state of Mississippi also use the .ms domain as MS is the ISO 3166-2:US code and official United States Postal Service abbreviation for the state.
Some companies based in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul (officially abbreviated as MS) use the .ms TLD
Some companies and organisations in the German town Münster in Westphalia use the TLD as well since MS is the official vehicle license plate code for the city.
The New York Times uses .ms as a top level domain name for permalinks referring to New York Times addresses. For example, http://nyti.ms/ reaches The New York Times homepage.
The Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign used the domain name "HRC.ms" as a URL shortener.
The family of F1 driver Michael Schumacher used the domain name keepfighting.ms for his foundation, established after his skiing accident in Méribel on 29 December 2013
A Dutch foundation for the cure of multiple sclerosis (MS) uses arenamoves.ms.
The Dutch organisation openbsd.amsterdam uses obsda.ms for its short code link.
Second-level domain names
com.ms
edu.ms
gov.ms
net.ms
org.ms
References
External links
IANA .ms whois information
.ms Registry operated by MNI Networks Limited
Domain Registration Services
Ms. (American English) or Ms (British English; normally , but also , or when unstressed) is an English-language honorific used with the last name or full name of a woman, intended as a default form of address for women regardless of marital status. Like Miss and Mrs., the term Ms. has its origins in the female English title once used for all women, Mistress. It originated in the 17th century and was revived into mainstream usage in the 20th century.
It is followed by a full stop, or period, in Canada and the United States, but not in many other English-speaking countries.
Historical development and revival of the term
Miss and Mrs., both derived from the then formal Mistress, like Mister did not originally indicate marital status. Ms. was another acceptable abbreviation for Mistress in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. During the 19th century, however, Mrs. and Miss came to be associated almost exclusively with marital status. Ms. was popularized as an alternative in the 20th century.
The earliest known proposal for the modern revival of Ms. as a title appeared in The Republican of Springfield, Massachusetts, on November 10, 1901:
There is a void in the English language which, with some diffidence, we undertake to fill. Every one has been put in an embarrassing position by ignorance of the status of some woman. To call a maiden Mrs is only a shade worse than to insult a matron with the inferior title Miss. Yet it is not always easy to know the facts...
Now, clearly, what is needed is a more comprehensive term which does homage to the sex without expressing any views as to their domestic situation, and what could be simpler or more logical than the retention of what the two doubtful terms have in common. The abbreviation Ms is simple, it is easy to write, and the person concerned can translate it properly according to circumstances. For oral use it might be rendered as "Mizz," which would be a close parallel to the practice long universal in many bucolic regions, where a slurred Mis' does duty for Miss and Mrs alike.
The term was again suggested as a convenience to writers of business letters by such publications as the Bulletin of the American Business Writing Association (1951) and The Simplified Letter, issued by the National Office Management Association (1952).
In 1961, Sheila Michaels attempted to put the term into use when she saw what she thought was a typographical error on the address label of a copy of News & Letters sent to her roommate. Michaels "was looking for a title for a woman who did not 'belong' to a man." She knew the separation of the now common terms Miss and Mrs. had derived from Mistress, but one could not suggest that women use the original title with its now louche connotations. Her efforts to promote use of a new honorific were at first ignored.
In 1969, during a lull in an interview with The Feminists group on WBAI-FM radio in New York City, Michaels suggested the use of Ms. A friend of Gloria Steinem heard the interview and suggested it as a title for her new magazine. The magazine Ms. debuted on newsstands in January 1972, and its much-publicized name quickly led to widespread usage. In February 1972, the US Government Printing Office approved using Ms. in official government documents. In 1976, Marvel Comics introduced a new superhero named Ms. Marvel, billing her as the "first feminist superhero."
Even several public opponents of such usage, including William Safire, were finally convinced that Ms. had earned a place in English by the case of US Congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro. Ferraro, a United States vice-presidential candidate in 1984, was a married woman who used her birth surname professionally rather than her husband's (Zaccaro). Safire, though saying "it breaks my heart," admitted in 1984 that it would be equally incorrect to call her "Miss Ferraro" (as she was married) or "Mrs. Ferraro" (as her husband was not "Mr. Ferraro")—and that calling her "Mrs. Zaccaro" would confuse the reader.
Usage
Suggestions about how Ms. should be used, or whether it should be used at all, are varied, with more criticism in the U.K. than in the U.S.
The Daily Telegraph states in its style guide that Ms should only be used if a subject requests it herself and it "should not be used merely because we do not know whether the woman is Mrs or Miss." The Guardian, which restricts its use of honorific titles to leading articles, states in its style guide: "use Ms for women ... unless they have expressed a preference for Miss or Mrs." A BBC Academy style guide states, "In choosing between Miss, Mrs and Ms, try to find out what the person herself uses, and stick to that." The New York Times embraces the use of all three: Mrs., Miss, and Ms., and will follow the individual’s preferences.
Some British etiquette writers and famous figures do not support the use of Ms, including Charles Kidd, the editor of Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, who claims the usage is "not very helpful" and that he had been "brought up to address a married woman as Mrs John Smith, for example." Debrett's itself, concerning the case of a married woman who chooses not to take her husband's name, states, "The ugly-sounding Ms is problematic. Although many women have assumed this bland epithet, it remains incorrect to use it when addressing a social letter." The former British Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Ann Widdecombe has stated, "I can't see the point of Ms and I don't see it as an issue", whilst author and journalist Jessica Fellowes describes the title Ms as "ghastly." The Queen's English Society has criticised the use of Ms as "an abbreviation that is not short for anything", describing it as a "linguistic misfit [that] came about because certain women suddenly became sensitive about revealing their marital status."
The default use of Ms., especially for business purposes, is championed by some American sources, including Judith Martin (a.k.a. Miss Manners). Concerning business, the Emily Post Institute states, "Ms. is the default form of address, unless you know positively that a woman wishes to be addressed as Mrs." The American Heritage Book of English Usage states, "Using Ms. obviates the need for the guesswork involved in figuring out whether to address someone as Mrs. or Miss: you can't go wrong with Ms. Whether the woman you are addressing is married or unmarried, has changed her name or not, Ms. is always correct."
Notes
External links
The Times style guide
The Guardian style guide
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- MS-DOS
- Microsoft Windows
- Syahrir MS
- Sklerosis multipel
- Ms. Puiyi
- Addie M.S.
- MS Fadhilah
- Mara Salvatrucha
- Kromatografi cair–spektrometri massa
- Sejarah Microsoft Windows
- MS
- .ms
- MS-13
- Millisecond
- MS-DOS
- MS Dhoni
- Ms.
- Ms. Rachel
- Ms. Pat
- MS Noordam
Smurfs: The Lost Village (2017)
Adventure, Animation, Bioskop Online, bioskop21, BioskopKeren, Cinemaindo, Comedy, Dewanonton, Drakor ID, DrakorIndo, DramaQu, Dunia21, DutaFilm, Family, Ganool, gudangmovie, gudangmovie21, IndoXX1, Indoxxi, KorDramas, LayarKaca21, Layarkaca21 INDOXXI, LK21, LK21 XXI, Nonton drama, Nonton Movie, Pahe.in, PusatFilm21, China, USA
Kelly Asbury
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