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- Source: Nichi-Ran jiten
Nichi-Ran jiten (in KyÅ«jitai: ę„čč¾å
ø) is a JapaneseāDutch dictionary compiled by Peter Adriaan van de Stadt and originally published by the Taiwanese branch of Nan'yÅ KyÅkai in 1934. It has about 33,800 entries. As of 2011, a second edition has not been published, but at least one facsimile edition was published in 1989 by the current Nan'yÅ KyÅkai, now based in Tokyo.
History
While the Nichi-Ran jiten was published only in 1934, its compilation had already been finished in 1925. According to the preface, the compiler, Peter Adriaan van de Stadt, was approached in 1922 by the then Japanese consulate general Matsumoto in Batavia (of the then Dutch East Indies, today Jakarta, Indonesia). Matsumoto had seen a Dutch-Japanese pocket dictionary by Van de Stadt (that had been published that same year) and asked Van de Stadt to compile a larger JapaneseāDutch dictionary. Van de Stadt agreed after some persuasion, and completed his work in 1925. However, when he offered the manuscript to the Nan'yÅ KyÅkai (the South Sea Association), they told him that the publication was too big a financial risk. Van de Stadt left the manuscript with Nan'yÅ KyÅkai. Only through the involvement of other parties, it was published nine years later, in 1934.
According to the book's colophon, the 1934 publication was by Nan'yÅ KyÅkai Taiwan shibu (in KyÅ«jitai: åę“åęčŗē£ęÆéØ), the branch of Nan'yÅ KyÅkai in Taiwan (then part of the Japanese Empire). Van de Stadt is acknowledged as the sole author. There never was a second edition. However, a facsimile edition was printed in 1989 by the current Nan'yÅ KyÅkai (in Shinjitai: åę“åä¼) based in Tokyo.
= Historical context
=
Despite almost uninterrupted relations between Japan and the Netherlands dating back to 1640 and earlier, the Nichi-Ran jiten has been the only JapaneseāDutch Dictionary of at least medium size till 2006. On the other hand, efforts to compile a DutchāJapanese dictionary date back to the period of Rangaku (the Japanese effort to learn about Western sciences through the Dutch) and lead to two major publications in Japan. The dictionary Haruma Wage (ę³¢ēéŗ»åč§£) was published in 1796ā1799. The publication commonly known as the āNagasaki Haruma' (é·å“ćć«ć) was presented to the ShÅgun in 1833 and published 1855ā1858. Both publications were based on FranƧois Halma's Woordenboek der Nederduitsche en Fransche Taalen [dictionary of the Dutch and French languages] (1729). However, when Japan was opened to other countries from 1854 on (with the Treaty of Peace and Amity), Rangaku became obsolete, and the attention of Japanese scholars switched form Dutch to English. The next medium size DutchāJapanese dictionary was published almost 150 years later in 1994, by the Japanese publisher Kodansha.
Features
The dictionary contains about 33,800 entries. The entries are alphabetical and spelled in a version of modified Hepburn. Van de Stadt deviated from current usage of modified Hepburn by not using the apostrophe to indicate the long n (ć) before a vowel. Sometimes he ignored the special case of ć, other times he used a hyphen (for example, he spelled kon'ya for ä»å¤ but kon-yaku for å©ē“).
The Latin spelling of the title word is followed by the Japanese spelling and equivalents or a definition in Dutch (both of course in prewar spelling). Example sentences follow directly the meaning for which they are relevant or are placed all at the end of the entry. Some examples show expressions in kanbun. Below is a text impression of the entry for aida. A photographic reproduction of a full page can be seen at the right.
aida (é) zn. (1) [éé] ruimte v.; tusschenruimte v.; afstand m. (2) [ęé] verloop o. Ā¶ éćććć ruimte openlaten. (3) [ć®é] vz. gedurende; vw. terwijl; onderwijl. Ā¶ å
¶éć« intusschen. Ā¶ éć«ē«ć¤ tusschenin staan. Ā¶ äøäŗŗć®éć«åćć tusschen (åćÆ onder) zeven menschen verdeelen. Ā¶ ć®éćÆ zoo lang als. Ā¶ ē§ćēå®ć®éć« gedurende mijn afwezigheid; terwijl ik uit was. Ā¶ åćØåć®é tusschen ons beiden. Ā¶ ę¤é kort geleden; onlangs. Ā¶ å¾”åŗ§åé aangezien
Peter Adriaan van de Stadt
The compiler of the JapaneseāDutch dictionary Nichi-Ran jiten was Peter Adriaan van de Stadt (Arnhem March 9, 1876 ā Batavia March 20, 1940). Van de Stadt was trained to be a government official at the University of Leiden (opleiding tot ambtenaar Chinese zaken [training for civil servant Chinese affairs] 1892ā1895). In 1895 he went to the Dutch East Indies. With the exception of 8 years in service of a private company and 3 years of additional study (1915ā1918) Van de Stadt worked as a civil servant. From 1918 on he was adviser for Japanese affairs, in which capacity he read and translated Japanese. He retired in 1932 when his position was abolished as a result of measures of economy (C. J. van de Stadt, 1951:165-166).
Van de Stadt was made officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau in 1910. Later he received the Order of the Rising Sun (1925) and the Legion of Honor (1928) as well. Van de Stadt also compiled the Chinese dictionary Hakka woordenboek, Batavia landsdrukkerij, The Hague, 1912 (ibid.).
Notes
External links
A searchable photographic version of Nichi-Ran jiten ę„čč¾å
ø
An indexed photographic version of the Edo Haruma (ę±ęøćć«ć) DutchāJapanese dictionary (1796ā1799) is hosted by the library of the Waseda University: ę©ēزē°å¤§å¦å³ęøé¤Øęčµ ę±ęøćć«ćļ¼čåč¾ęøļ¼å
Øęē»å
References
Van de Stadt, P. A. (ćć¢ć³.ć.ć¹ćæćć). (1934). ę„čč¾å
ø [Nichi-Ran jiten]. čŗå [Taipei]: åę“åęčŗē£ęÆéØ [Nan'yÅ KyÅkai Taiwan shibu].
Van de Stadt, C. J. (eds.). (1951). Engel van de Stadt, 1746ā1819. Zijn voor- en nageslacht [Engel van de Stadt, 1746ā1819. His ancestors and his descendants]. Den Haag [The Hague].
Van Sterkenburg, P. G. J. & W. J. Boot et al. (eds.). (1994). Kodansha's Nederlands-Japans Woordenboekć»č¬č«ē¤¾ćŖć©ć³ćčŖč¾å
ø [Kodansha Orandago jiten]. Kodanshać»č¬č«ē¤¾: ę±äŗ¬ [Tokyo], 1994. ISBN 4-06-154801-8
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