• Source: Norbit

Norbit is a 2007 American comedy film, directed by Brian Robbins, and co-written by, co-produced by, and starring Eddie Murphy. The film co-stars Thandie Newton, Terry Crews, Cuba Gooding Jr., Eddie Griffin, Katt Williams, Marlon Wayans, and Charlie Murphy. It was released by DreamWorks and Paramount Pictures on February 9, 2007. Eddie Murphy portrays multiple roles including the eponymous Norbit and his abusive obese wife Rasputia. Norbit, unhappily married, is reunited with his childhood sweetheart Kate, but must contend with Rasputia and her brothers.
The film was a box office success, grossing $159 million worldwide against a production budget of $60 million. It was negatively received by critics and was nominated for eight Golden Raspberry Awards, and also received a nomination for the 2008 Academy Award for Best Makeup.




Plot


In Boiling Springs, Tennessee, childhood friends Norbit Albert Rice and Kate Thomas live at an orphanage doubling as a Chinese restaurant called The Golden Wonton owned by Mr. Hangten Wong. They also play-marry each other with Ring Pops, but are separated after Kate is adopted two weeks later.
Five years later, a tough, overweight girl named Rasputia Latimore rescues Norbit from twin boys who were bullying him, and eventually becomes his girlfriend. Rasputia grows into an arrogant and tyrannical woman, and they marry each other as adults. She begins insulting and controlling him, especially accusing him of adjusting her car seat when she is driving her car. Norbit is also belittled by Rasputia's three older brothers Big Black Jack, Blue, and Earl, working as a bookkeeper at their construction company. The Latimore brothers run a "security business", instilling fear in the entire community except Mr. Wong, who refuses to sell them his business and does not hesitate to use his spear and pistol to intimidate them.
After catching Rasputia cheating on him with her tap dance instructor Buster Perkin, Norbit calls her the "Queen of Whores" during their argument, which results in her chasing him through the neighborhood. Afterwards, he discards his wedding ring and vents his anger about Rasputia's infidelity at a puppet show for the orphans. He is stunned to see Kate for the first time since childhood, and his affection for her reignites as he learns she is using the money she obtained from selling her clothing business in Atlanta to purchase Mr. Wong's orphanage, but is disappointed to learn she is engaged to a man named Deion Hughes.
Aided by ex-pimp friends Pope Sweet Jesus and Lord Have Mercy and the other townspeople, Norbit meets Kate without Rasputia's knowledge and along the way, Kate teaches Norbit how to ride a bike. Deion attempts to leave town, having no intention to help Kate run the orphanage, but the Latimore brothers persuade him to help them turn the orphanage into a strip club named "Nipplopolis" instead and dupe Norbit into getting Kate to sign papers to renew the restaurant's liquor license in the Latimores' name. Norbit's meeting with Kate leads to helping rehearse her wedding, where a kiss between them makes her reconsider marrying Deion. Norbit returns home to find out that Rasputia witnessed their kiss and threatens violence towards Kate if he ever sees her again.
When Kate later learns about the deal from Deion, she goes to confront Norbit and sees him being imprisoned by Rasputia, who masterminded the orphanage plot, in their basement. Norbit reluctantly insults her and drives her away to protect her from Rasputia. Satisfied, Rasputia lies that Norbit tricked Kate since she came back to town. Heartbroken, Kate runs away and a guilt-ridden Norbit decides to permanently leave town, but then finds a letter from the private investigator he hired, discovering Deion has accumulated a total of $300,000 in divorce settlements from his four marriages in the last six years to four different women.
The Latimores reveal their plan to Norbit and lock him in the basement again. Norbit escapes by bike, reaching the wedding just in time to inform Kate of Deion's schemes. Though his proof of Deion's divorce settlements was destroyed after falling into a pond, Norbit reveals that he'd contacted three of Deion's ex-wives and their children while he'd been locked in the basement the night before, and Deion flees as they give chase, which results in the Latimores' plan backfiring.
The Latimores attack Norbit for sabotaging their plans, but the townspeople take up arms to protect him as his bravery has inspired them to stand up to the Latimores. Rasputia fights her way through the crowd and prepares to destroy him, but Mr. Wong harpoons her in the rear, causing her to rapidly run in pain out of town. With their sister gone, the Latimore brothers finally accept defeat and are chased out of town while Norbit and Kate reconcile, purchase the orphanage, and marry under the same tree where they played as children years ago, finally living happily ever after. Rasputia and the Latimores are never seen or heard from again, but several rumors say that they moved to Mexico and open up their strip club "El Nipplopolis", where Rasputia becomes their most popular and lucrative stripper.




Cast






Production


After the success of Shrek, DreamWorks co-founder and CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg signed up Eddie Murphy to star in a live-action followup, and they were looking for the right film. Norbit seemed like a good fit, a production in line with his tradition of playing multiple characters in a comedy as Murphy had done before with Coming to America, Dr. Dolittle and The Nutty Professor. DreamWorks production president Adam Goodman brought the script to Brian Robbins and he was excited about the prospect of working with Eddie Murphy. Norbit was the first of three films where director Brian Robbins and Eddie Murphy worked together; the other two would be Meet Dave and A Thousand Words. Murphy wrote the story after going on the Internet to see videos "where really large women, African-American women, would beat up their tiny husbands", a concept which he found hilarious. Although Norbit was always intended to be a comedy, early drafts of the script were much darker. According to Thandie Newton, during filming, the stand-ins were very convincing, and she frequently filmed scenes with them instead of Murphy.
The various prosthetic makeups, bodysuits, and wigs were created by Rick Baker and his company Cinovation. Baker praised Murphy saying "He really makes the stuff come to life, and he never complains. When we did 'The Nutty Professor' [...], he spent 80-odd days in the makeup chair. As much as I love makeup, even I would have been complaining by the end, but Eddie didn't."
Rick Baker wanted to work from a real life model and auditioned over a hundred extra large ladies, all with the necessary proportions. The model also needed to be able to dance. After several rounds of auditions, one lady was chosen as the life model for Rasputia and a foam latex suit was created based on her measurements. The suit's surface was painted with silicone to make it look like skin. Silicone was also used to make matching gloves. The shape of Murphy's face was changed using foam latex and pieces of silicone, which were then painted over in various tones of red, brown and yellow to create realistic looking skin tone. A body double was used for some scenes, particularly the water park. Murphy with his face in makeup as Rasputia performed against green screen and his head was digitally composited onto the body double.




Reception






= Critical response

=

On Rotten Tomatoes Norbit has an approval rating of 9% based on 123 reviews with an average rating of 3.6/10, with the site's consensus reading, "Coming off his Oscar-nominated performance in Dreamgirls, the talented-but-inconsistent Eddie Murphy plays three roles in Norbit, a cruel, crass, stereotype-filled comedy that's more depressing than funny." Metacritic gave the movie a score of 27 out of 100, based on reviews from 26 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a B grade, with under eighteens (28% of those surveyed) giving it a B+ grade.
Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the movie a positive review, suggesting that Norbit might help Murphy's chances of winning an Oscar for his role in Dreamgirls, saying that his work playing three distinct characters in Norbit is more impressive than anything he did in Dreamgirls. Others suggested it might hurt his chances. Ultimately, Alan Arkin won the award for Best Supporting Actor.
Luke Sader of The Hollywood Reporter called it "Racially insensitive, politically incorrect and beyond crude." Scott Tobias of The A.V. Club gave the film a grade of "F" and wrote: "It probably isn't possible for a single movie to reverse all social progress made since the civil-rights era, but Norbit, the latest broadside from Eddie Murphy, does its best to turn back the clock" and "hideously offensive black stereotypes are merely the tip of the iceberg." Josh Tyler of CinemaBlend gave the movie a mostly negative review, in which he described parts of the film as "pretty despicable" and stated that "the plot relies on the idea that being fat also means you're a horrible bitch." However, he pointed out that "some of it's also kind of sweet. Eddie's really quite good as Norbit, the character is sympathetic and funny. He has a strange sort of perfect chemistry with Thandie Newton, and that's just not something I would have expected."
Liz Braun of Jam! Movies described Norbit as "mostly blubber jokes about how fat Rasputia really is" but said that "the movie is not without genuine laughs. Most of those laughs are generated by the other actors." In regard to the "terrifying" character Rasputia, she went so far as to say that the film "tends to confirm one's worst suspicions about Murphy and what appears to be his general fear and loathing of women. The Rasputia gag gets a little freaky if you think about it too much. And you wouldn't want to dwell on how much Thandie Newton looks like a slender boy in her role as Norbit's true love, either. So don't."
Black activists took issue with Eddie Murphy's portrayal of the character Rasputia, calling Norbit "just the latest [film built] around a black man dressing up as an unsophisticated, overweight black woman." Film critic MaryAnn Johanson said it was a minstrel show and called it a "hideous stew of bigoted 'humor'".
The New Yorker film critic Richard Brody praised Murphy's performances saying "playing multiple roles, Murphy unleashes, with a sense of painful revelation, a tangle of rage, cringing fear, furious power, and a sense of perpetual and unresolved outsiderness." He rated it 17th of 30 top acting performances of the 21st century.
Musician Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys called Norbit his favorite movie in a 2007 interview with the Asbury Park Press.

Director Brian Robbins reacted to the negative reviews claiming that "The only films that get good reviews are the ones that nobody sees. I just don't think you can make movies for critics". He also defended his star-driven, high-concept movies’ approach to filmmaking, and praised Murphy's performance, saying that "Eddie Murphy plays three amazingly different characters brilliantly. How could you not praise that? No offense to Alan Arkin, but he couldn't do what Eddie did in 'Norbit.'"
Jim Emerson of RogerEbert.com agreed that filmmakers like Robbins should ignore critics, and made note of the ancient analogy about McDonald's and food critics. He suggested that Robbins' films "were neither designed for, nor marketed to, people who pay all that much attention to movie critics". Nonetheless, Emerson pointed out several of the top grossing films of 2006 got both good reviews from critics and gained wide audiences.




= Box office

=
Industry projections expected Norbit to earn about $20 million in its opening weekend, and Paramount was projecting earnings of $25 million. The film opened to $34.2 million in the United States, and was Eddie Murphy's 14th #1 box office opener. The film earned $95.7 million at the North American domestic box office, and $63.6 million in other markets, for a total of $159 million worldwide. The film was released in the United Kingdom on March 9, 2007, and topped the country's box office for the next two weekends, before being overtaken by 300.




= Accolades

=

Norbit was nominated for eight Golden Raspberry Awards including Worst Picture, and won three awards, all for Eddie Murphy as three different characters.
The film was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Makeup.




Soundtrack



The soundtrack for Norbit was released on February 6, 2007 by Lakeshore Records.

"Standing in the Safety Zone" – The Fairfield Four (2:41)
"It's Goin' Down" – Yung Joc (4:03)
"You Did" – Kate Earl feat. The Designated Hitters (2:26)
"Sexual Healing" – Marvin Gaye
"I Only Want to Be with You" – Dusty Springfield (2:37)
"Milkshake" – Kelis (3:04)
"Shoppin' for Clothes" – The Coasters (2:58)
"Walk It Out" – Unk (2:54)
"Looking for You" – Kirk Franklin (4:06)
"Sweet Honey" – Slightly Stoopid (3:52)
"The Hands of Time" – Perfect Circle (6:19)
"Young Norbit" – David Newman (3:33)
"Queen of Whores" – David Newman (:46)
"Kate Returns"/"Tuesday, Tuesday" – David Newman (3:24)
"Norbit Sneaks Out" – David Newman (:33)
"Rasputia's Fury" – David Newman (1:44)
"Norbit and Kate" – David Newman (:55)
Several songs were used in the film which do not appear on the soundtrack album, in order of appearance:

"You Are the Woman", performed by Firefall
"(Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher", performed by Jackie Wilson
"Dem Jeans", performed by Chingy
"Chain Hang Low", performed by Jibbs
"Don't Cha", performed by The Pussycat Dolls
"Ride of the Valkyries" by Richard Wagner
"Temperature", performed by Sean Paul
The song "Tonight, I Celebrate My Love" is sung at Norbit and Rasputia's wedding party, but likewise does not appear on the soundtrack album.




Home media


Norbit was released on Blu-ray Disc, DVD, and HD DVD on June 5, 2007.




References






External links



Norbit at IMDb
Norbit at AllMovie
Norbit at Box Office Mojo
• Source: NORBIT

In electronics, the NORBIT family of modules is a very early form (since 1960) of digital logic developed by Philips (and also provided through Valvo and Mullard) that uses modules containing discrete components to build logic function blocks in resistor–transistor logic (RTL) or diode–transistor logic (DTL) technology.




Overview


The system was originally conceived as building blocks for solid-state hard-wired programmed logic controllers (the predecessors of programmable logic controllers (PLC)) to replace electro-mechanical relay logic in industrial control systems for process control and automation applications, similar to early Telefunken/AEG Logistat, Siemens Simatic, Brown, Boveri & Cie, ACEC Logacec or Akkord Estacord systems.
Each available logical function was recognizable by the color of its plastic container, black, blue, red, green, violet, etc. The most important circuit block contained a NOR gate (hence the name), but there were also blocks containing drivers, and a timer circuit similar to the later 555 timer IC.
The original Norbit modules of the YL 6000 series introduced in 1960 had potted single in-line packages with up to ten long flying leads arranged in two groups of up to five leads in a row. These modules were specified for frequencies of less than 1 kHz at ±24 V supply.
Also available in 1960 were so called Combi-Element modules in single-in line packages with ten evenly spaced stiff leads in a row (5.08 mm / 0.2-inch pitch) for mounting on a PCB. They were grouped in the 1-series (aka "100 kHz series") with ±6 V supply. The newer 10-series and 20-series had similarly sized packages, but came with an additional parallel row of nine staggered leads for a total of 19 leads. The 10-series uses germanium alloy transistors, whereas in the 20-series silicon planar transistors are used for a higher cut-off frequency of up to 1 MHz (vs. 30 kHz) and a higher allowed temperature range of +85 °C (vs. +55 °C).
In 1967, the Philips/Mullard NORBIT 2 aka Valvo NORBIT-S family of modules was introduced, first consisting of the 60-series for frequencies up to 10 kHz at a single supply voltage of 24 V, only. Later, the 61-series, containing thyristor trigger and control modules, was added. A 90-series became available in the mid-1970s as well. There were three basic types contained in a large (one by two inch-sized) 17 pins dual in-line package, with nine pins spaced 5.08 mm (0.2-inch) on one side and eight staggered pins on the other side.




Modules






= Original Norbit family

=
YL 6000 series

YL6000 - NOR gate (red) ("NOR")
YL6001 - Emitter follower (yellow) ("EF")
YL6004 - High power output (Double-sized module) ("HP")
YL6005, YL6005/00 - Counter unit (triple binary) ("3C") (violet)
YL6005/05 - Single divide by 2 counter (violet) ("1C")
YL6006 - Timer (brown) ("TU")
YL6007 - Chassis ("CU")
YL6008 - Medium power output (orange) ("MP")
YL6009 - Low power output (white) ("LP")
YL6010 - Photo-electric detector head ("PD")
YL6011 - Photo-electric lamp head ("PL")
YL6012 - Twin 2-input NOR gate (black) ("2.2 NOR")
YL 6100 series

YL6101 - Rectifier unit, 3…39V 1A
YL6102 - Rectifier unit, 3…39V 5A
YL6103/00 - Regulator unit, 6…30V 250mA
YL6103/01 - Regulator unit, 1…6V 250mA
YL6104 - Longitudinal link for regulator unit
YL6105 - Regulator unit, 6V 150mA
88930 Relay series

Used to control relays using variable-length pulse sequences (as with telephone pulse dialing).

88930/30 - Input/Output unitFilters an input pulse string and can drive two command circuits and two relay unitsContains 1×/48, 2×/51, and 2×/57.
88930/33 - Primary pulse counting unit (dual command)Can trigger two different signals via two different pulse sequences. The number of pulses that will trigger each command is configurable.
88930/36 - Dual command unitAdds two additional commands to the /33.
88930/37 - Quad command unitAdds four additional commands to the /33.
88930/39 - Output unitCan drive two command circuits (in /36 or /37 command units) plus two /60 relay units.Contains 2×/51 and 2×/57.
88930/42 - Empty unitFor adding custom circuitry. Comprises an empty housing, connector, and blank circuit board.
88930/48 - Pulse shaper unit for /33 (no housing)
88930/51 - Command preparation unit (no housing)For providing input to command units.
88930/54 - Reset unit
88930/57 - Relay amplifier unit (no housing)For driving a low-impedance relay such as the /60 relay block unit.
88930/60 - Relay block unitDouble-pole, double throw 250V 2A relay. Accepts a /57 relay amplifier unit.
88930/64 - Power supply unitProvides 280V 45mA, 150V 2mA, 24V 750mA, and 15V 120mA.




= Combi-Element family

=
1-series / B890000 series

B893000, B164903 - Twin 3-input AND gates (orange) ("2.3A1", "2x3N1")
B893001, B164904 - Twin 2-input AND gates (orange) ("2.2A1", "2x2N1")
B893002, 2P72729 - Twin 3-input OR gates (orange) ("2.3O1", "23O1", "2x3P1")
B893003, 2P72730 - Twin 2-input OR gates (orange) ("2.2O1", "22O1", "2x2P1")
B894002, B164910 - Twin inverter amplifier (yellow) ("2IA1", "2.IA1", "2xIA1")
B894005, 2P72728 - Twin inverter amplifier (yellow) ("2IA2", "2xIA2")
B894001, B164909 - Twin emitter follower (yellow) ("2EF1", 2xEF1")
B894003, 2P72727 - Twin emitter follower (yellow) ("2EF2", "2xEF2")
B894000, B164907 - Emitter follower/inverter amplifier (yellow) ("EF1/IA1")
B895000, B164901 - Pulse shaper (Schmitt trigger + amplifier) (green) ("PS1")
B895001, B164908 - One-shot multivibrator ("OS1")
B895003 - One-shot multivibrator ("OS2")
B892000, B164902 - Flip-flop (red) ("FF1")
B892001, 2P72707 - Shift-register Flip-flop (red) ("FF2")
B892002 - Flip-flop (red) ("FF3")
B892003 - Flip-flop (red) ("FF4")
B893004, 2P72726 - Pulse logic (orange) ("PL1", "2xPL1")
B893007 - Pulse logic (orange) ("2xPL2")
B885000, B164911 - Decade counter ("DC1")
B890000 - Power amplifier ("PA1")
B896000 - Twin selector switch for core memories ("2SS1")
B893005 - Selection gate for core memories ("SG1")
2P72732 - Pulse generator for core memories ("PG1")
2P72731 - Read amplifier for core memories ("RA1")
10-series

2P73701 - Flip-flop ("FF10")
2P73702 - Flip-flop ("FF11")
2P73703 - Flip-flop / Bistable multivibrator with built-in trigger gates and set-reset inputs (black) ("FF12")
Dual trigger gate ("2.TG13")
Dual trigger gate ("2.TG14")
Quadruple trigger gate ("4.TG15")
Dual positive gate inverter amplifier ("2.GI10")
Dual positive gate inverter amplifier ("2.GI11")
Dual positive gate inverter amplifier ("2.GI12")
Gate amplifier ("GA11")
One-shot multivibrator ("OS11")
Timer unit ("TU10")
Pulse driver ("PD11")
Relay driver ("RD10")
Relay driver ("RD11")
Power amplifier ("PA10")
Pulse shaper ("PS10")
Numerical indicator tube driver ("ID10")
20-series

2P73710 - ("2.GI12", "2GI12")




= Norbit 2 / Norbit-S family

=
60-series

2NOR60, 2.NOR60 - Twin NOR (black)
4NOR60, 4.NOR60 - Quadruple NOR (black)
2.IA60, 2IA60 - Twin inverter amplifier for low power output (blue)
LPA60 - Twin low power output
2.LPA60, 2LPA60 - Twin low power output (blue)
PA60 - Medium power output (blue)
HPA60 - High power output (black)
2.SF60, 2SF60 - Twin input switch filter (green)
TU60 - Timer (red)
FF60 - Flip-flop
GLD60 - Grounded load driver (black)
61-series

TT61 - Trigger transformer
UPA61 - Universal power amplifier
RSA61 - Rectifier and synchroniser
DOA61 - Differential operational amplifier
2NOR61, 2.NOR61 - Twin NOR
90-series

PS90 - Pulse shaper (green)
FF90 - Flip-flop (red)
2TG90, 2.TG90 - Twin trigger gate (red)
Accessories

PSU61 - Power supply
PCB60 - Printed wiring board
MC60 - Mounting chassis
UMC60 - Universal mounting chassis
MB60 - Mounting bar




Photo gallery



Examples of the 60-series NORBIT 2 family









Examples of Printed Circuit Boards that uses the 60-series NORBIT 2 family
































































See also


Logic family
fischertechnik




Notes






References






Further reading


Norbit-Bausteine (in German). Valvo GmbH. 1962. (43 pages) (NB. Also part of the Valvo-Handbuch 1962 pages 83–125.)
Valvo-Handbuch Bausteine (in German) (1963 ed.). Hamburg, Germany: Valvo GmbH. 1963. (253 pages) (NB. Contains a chapter about Norbit modules as well.)
Norbit-S-Bausteine (in German) (1967/1968 ed.). Hamburg, Germany: Valvo GmbH. 1967. (25 pages)
Circuit Blocks 40-Series, NORBITS 60-Series, Input/Output Devices. Philips Product Data. Philips Electronic Components and Materials Division. September 1969. 9399 261 10501. [20]
Grimley, Robert (2016) [2011]. "Mullard & CES - Mullard & Combined Electronic Services (CES)". Early Philips Colour TV. Archived from the original on 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2017-01-14.




External links


Holm, Åke. "Picture of four NORBIT 2 modules". Archived from the original on 2018-06-19. Retrieved 2018-06-19.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Brian Robbins
• The Number 23
• Selangor FC
• Aktor Terburuk (Razzie)
• Marlon Wayans
• Pasangan Terburuk dalam Film (Razzie)
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• Khamani Griffin
• Aktor Pendukung Terburuk (Razzie)
• Thandiwe Newton
• Norbit
• NORBIT
• Jeanette Miller
• Katt Williams
• Eddie Murphy
• Eddie Griffin
• Lester Speight
• Marlon Wayans
• Cuba Gooding Jr.
• List of awards and nominations received by Eddie Murphy