- Source: Ottilien languages
The Ottilien or Watam-Awar-Gamay languages are a small family of clearly related languages,
Watam–Kaian, Gamei (Mbore), and Bosman–Awar.
They are generally classified among the Ramu languages of northern Papua New Guinea.
The Ottilien languages are all spoken in Yawar Rural LLG, in locations mostly along the coast of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
Watam and Bosman share plural morphology with Lower Sepik (Nor–Pondo), supporting the Ramu – Lower Sepik language-family proposal.
The family is named for the mouth of the Ottilien River, now known as the Ramu.
Phonemes
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:
Pronouns
Pronouns in proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay (proto-Ottilien) reconstructed by Foley (2005) are:
See also Lower Ramu languages#Pronouns.
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:
Proto-Ottilien
A phonological reconstruction of proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay (proto-Ottilien) has been proposed by Foley (2005).
proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay reconstructions (Foley 2005)
Below, proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay is listed in comparison with four other Ramu languages that are closely related to, but not part of, Watam-Awar-Gamay: the Misegian languages Kire and Mikarew, and the Tanggu languages Tangu and Igom.
Proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay and Ramu comparisons (Foley 2005)
References
Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
External links
Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Ramu Coast
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Ottilien languages
- Lower Ramu languages
- Sepik–Ramu languages
- Rhabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium St. Ottilien
- St. Ottilien Archabbey
- Awar language
- Jeremias Schröder
- Ramu languages
- Mbore language
- Bosmun language
