• Source: Outline of opera

Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work (called an opera), which combines a text (called a libretto) and a musical score. Opera is part of the Western classical music tradition. While the scale of opera can be larger or smaller—there are many different genres of opera—performance typically involves different types of artist (singers, instrumentalists and often dancers and actors) and technical staff. Usually an orchestra led by a conductor accompanies the singers. In contrast to spoken theatre, the opera world is international. Italian, German, French, English, and Russian works are performed worldwide in their original languages, and artists travel from country to country performing.
The following is a list of articles on general opera topics:




Essence of opera






History of opera



Origins of opera
Querelle des Bouffons




Opera in different national traditions


Operas have been written in a diversity of languages with many countries or regions developing their own operatic style, tradition and history.

Italian opera
Opera in German
French opera
Opera in English
Spanish opera
Russian opera
Opera in Dutch
Finnish opera
Hungarian opera
Polish opera
Opera in Arabic
Armenian opera
Albanian opera
Opera in Azerbaijan
Opera in Canada
Opera in Cuba
Opera in Latin America
Opera in Scotland
Opera in Venezuela
Western opera in Chinese




Component parts


Overture – Instrumental introduction to an opera, ballet, or oratorio
French – Musical form from the Baroque period
Italian – Opening orchestral music for operas, operettas and other large scale works
Aria – Musical piece for a single voice as part of a larger work
Aria di sorbetto – Short solo by a secondary character
Arioso – Vocal solo between recitative and aria in style
Cabaletta – Two-part musical form favored for arias
Cantabile – Musical term meaning "songlike"
Catalogue aria – Opera aria in which the singer recounts a list of information
Da capo aria – Baroque musical form
Insertion aria – Aria added to previously unrelated operatic composition
Rage aria – Operatic aria expressing rage
Cavatina – Musical term
Intermezzo – Opera genre
Mad scene – Conventional scene depicting madness in opera
Recitative – Ordinary speech-like singing in opera, cantata, mass or oratorio
Chorus – On-stage performers other than the featured players.Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Ballet – Form of performance dance




Operatic genres



Over the centuries, the original form of opera, as established by Claudio Monteverdi and his contemporaries, has diversified into distinct and recognisable genres, in addition to the national traditions listed above. These include, but are not limited to, the following.




General opera concepts






= English opera terms

=
Breeches role
Chest voice
Concert performance
Duodrama
Head voice
Insertion aria
Mad scene
Melodrama
Monodrama
Number
Opera house
Patter song
Prompter
Sung-through
Surtitles




= French opera terms

=
Claque
Coup de glotte
Divertissement
Encore
Entr'acte
Haute-contre
Intermède
Overture
Répétiteur
Roulade
Timbre
Tragédie en musique
Travesti




= German opera terms

=
Fach
Gesamtkunstwerk
Kammersänger
Kapellmeister
Leitmotif
Literaturoper
Regieoper
Singspiel
Sitzprobe
Spieloper
Sprechgesang




= Italian opera terms

=
Aria
Aria di sorbetto
Arioso
Banda
Bel canto
Bravura
Brindisi
Burletta
Cabaletta
Cadenza
Cantabile
Castrato
Cavatina
Chiaroscuro
Coloratura
Comprimario
Contralto
Convenienze
Da capo aria
Diva
Falsetto
Falsettone
Fioritura
Impresario
Intermezzo
Legato
Libretto
Licenza
Maestro
Melodramma
Messa di voce
Mezzo-soprano
Musico
Opera seria
Ossia
Passaggio
Pasticcio
Portamento
Prima donna
Recitative
Ritornello
Sinfonia
Solita forma
Soprano
Soprano sfogato
Spinto
Squillo
Stagione
Stile rappresentativo
Tenore contraltino
Tenore di grazia
Tessitura
Verismo
Vibrato




= Opera terms from other languages

=
Hovsångare




= Music concepts relevant to opera

=
Concert version
Libretto
Electronic libretto
Offstage instrument or choir part
Tessitura
Vocal range
Vocal weight
Voice type – classification of singers by the range, weight, and color of their voices
Voice projection




= Theatre concepts relevant to opera

=
Act
Blocking
Curtain call
Prop – short for "theatrical property"
Rake
Rehearsal
Stage clothes
Stagecraft
Theatrical scenery
Ticket




= Opera house

=

Auditorium
Box
Gallery
Backstage facilities
Green room
Orchestra pit
Stage
Fly system
Footlight
Prompt corner
Revolving stage
Safety curtain
Stage curtain
Star trap




People in opera






= Opera composers, librettists, directors

=
List of major opera composers – an annotated compilation of the most frequently named composers on ten lists by opera experts.
List of opera librettists – inclusive list of libretto writers.
List of opera directors (in the sense of stage director, not general manager or general director (often also called opera director).




= Opera singers categories

=
Boy soprano
Soprano
Coloratura
Soubrette
Lyric
Spinto
Dramatic
Soprano sfogato
Mezzo-soprano
Contralto (Alto)
Castrato
Countertenor
Sopranist
Tenor
Haute-contre
Tenore contraltino
Tenore di grazia
Baritenor
Baritone
Bass-baritone
Bass
Basso profondo




= Participants in opera

=
Opera performer – similar to, but more specialized than performers in other theatrical productions. Opera performers are at the same time both singers and actors, and often dancers as well.

Other participants are

Ballet dancer
Choirmaster
Choreographer
Costume designer
Director – in the sense of stage director, not general manager or general director (often also called opera director)
Dresser
Banda
Charge scenic artist
Dramaturge
Extra
Fly crew
Impresario
Lighting technician
Make-up artist
Opera manager
Pit orchestra
Pit orchestra conductor
Prompter
Property designer
Répétiteur
Set constructor
Set designer
Set dresser
Special effects director
Stagehand
Stage manager
Supernumerary actor
Supporting role singer
Technician
Understudy – also called "cover", a singer who prepares to perform a role in case the principal singer is unable to appear.
Video designer
Wardrobe supervisor




Opera lists


List of Christmas operas
List of fictional literature featuring opera
List of films based on operas
List of historical opera characters
List of important operas – an annotated chronological list of operas which are included for their historical significance or widespread popularity (or both).
List of opera festivals
List of opera genres
List of opera houses – lists opera houses by name (or name of performing arts centres in which they are located, if appropriate and best known that way).
List of operas by composer – an extended list of more than 2,300 works by more than 720 composers.
List of operas by title – an alphabetical list by title of operas with Wikipedia articles.
List of operas set in the Crusades
List of Orphean operas – list of operas dealing with the myth of Orpheus.
List of radio operas
List of television operas
Lists of opera companies




Opera discographies


Opera discographies




Books about opera


The Complete Opera Book
The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
Opera and Drama




Films about opera


Il Bacio di Tosca
Karajan: The Maestro and His Festival
Pappano's Essential Ring Cycle
This is Opera
Wagner's Dream




See also



Glossary of music terms – list of music topics, with definitions for ease of reference
Country house opera – Opera performed at a country house
Opera film – Recording of an opera on film
List of classical music concerts with an unruly audience response




References






= Additional sources

=
Apel, Willi (1968). Harvard Dictionary of Music (Second ed.). Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0-674-37501-7.
Grout, Donald (2003). A Short History of Opera. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11958-0.
Sadie, Stanley, ed. (1992). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-522186-2.
Boyden, Matthew (2007). The Rough Guide to Opera. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-84353-538-6.
Boldrey, Richard (1994). Guide to Operatic Roles and Arias. Caldwell Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-877761-64-5.
Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 782 pages, ISBN 0-19-869164-5




External links


Operabase – database for opera companies, artists, managers and performances
OperaGlass – a resource at Stanford University including libretti, source texts, performance histories, synopses, discographies and lists of rôle creators.
Operissimo – resource for composers and works as well as houses, companies and artists.

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