- Source: Outline of the human nervous system
The following diagram is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the human nervous system:
Human nervous system – the part of the human body that coordinates a person's voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals between different parts of the body. The human nervous system consists of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are long fibers that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. The PNS includes motor neurons, mediating voluntary movement; the autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system and regulating involuntary functions; and the enteric nervous system, a semi-independent part of the nervous system whose function is to control the gastrointestinal system.
Evolution of the human nervous system
Evolution of nervous systems
Evolution of human intelligence
Evolution of the human brain
Paleoneurology
Some branches of science that study the human nervous system
Neuroscience
Neurology
Paleoneurology
= Central nervous system
=The central nervous system (CNS) is the largest part of the nervous system and includes the brain and spinal cord.
Spinal cord
Brain
Brain – center of the nervous system.
Outline of the human brain
List of regions of the human brain
Principal regions of the vertebrate brain:
= Peripheral nervous system
=Peripheral nervous system (PNS) – nervous system structures that do not lie within the CNS.
Sensory system
A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception.
List of sensory systems
Sensory neuron
Perception
Visual system
Auditory system
Somatosensory system
Vestibular system
Olfactory system
Taste
Pain
= Components of the nervous system
=Neuron
Interneuron
Ganglion (PNS) vs Nucleus (neuroanatomy) (CNS) except basal ganglia (CNS)
Nerve (PNS) vs Tract (neuroanatomy) (CNS)
White matter (more myelinated) vs Grey matter
Glial cells
Glial cells, commonly called neuroglia or glia, are supportive cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for the brain's neurons.
Microglia
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte (CNS) vs Schwann cell (PNS)
Neuron
A neuron (also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an excitable cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signaling. Neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
Soma
Axon
Myelin
Dendrite
Dendritic spine
Action potential
An action potential (or nerve impulse) is a transient alteration of the transmembrane voltage (or membrane potential) across the membrane in an excitable cell generated by the activity of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in the membrane. The best known action potentials are pulse-like waves that travel along the axons of neurons.
Membrane potential
Ion channel
Voltage-gated ion channels
Synapse
Synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands.
Chemical synapse
Gap junction
Synaptic plasticity
Long-term potentiation
Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter – endogenous chemical that relays, amplifies, and modulates signals between neurons and other cells to which they are synaptically connected.
List of neurotransmitters
Neuromodulator
Monoamine neurotransmitter
Neuropeptide
Neurotransmitter receptor
Neurotransmitter receptor – membrane receptor that can be activated by a neurotransmitter. Interactions between neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors can evoke a wide range of differing responses from the cell receiving the signal, including excitation, inhibition, and various types of modulation.
Category:Receptors
Biological neural network
Biological neural network – population of physically interconnected neurons that act cooperatively to form a functional circuit. Computer scientists and engineers also study artificial neural networks formed by simplified mathematical abstractions of the signaling properties of biological neurons.
Central pattern generator
Reflex arc
Neural oscillations
Neural development
Neural development – comprises the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system, from the earliest stages of embryogenesis to the final years of life.
Neural plasticity
Neurogenesis
Neuroregeneration
= Prenatal development of the nervous system
=Neurogenesis
General neural development
Neurulation
Neurula
Notochord
Neuroectoderm
Neural plate
Neural fold
Neural groove
Neuropoiesis
Neural crest
Cranial neural crest
Cardiac neural crest complex
Truncal neural crest
Neural tube
Rostral neuropore
Neuromere/Rhombomere
Cephalic flexure
Pontine flexure
Alar plate
sensory
Basal plate
motor
Glioblast
Neuroblast
Germinal matrix
Eye development
Eye development
Neural tube: Optic vesicle
Optic stalk
Optic cup
Surface ectoderm: Lens placode
Auditory development
Otic placode
Otic pit
Otic vesicle
Motor control
Motor control – comprises the activities carried out by the nervous system that organize the musculoskeletal system to create coordinated movements and skilled actions.
Motor system
Motor vortex
cerebrum
Basal ganglia
Reflex
Learning and memory
Memory – organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information. "Learning" means acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, preferences or understanding, and may involve synthesizing different types of information.
Amnesia
Synaptic plasticity
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Imprinting (psychology)
Cognition
Cognition – activities involved in processing information, applying knowledge, and changing preferences. Cognition, or cognitive processes, can be natural or artificial, conscious or unconscious.
Mind
Consciousness
Neural correlates of consciousness
Attention
Emotion
Intelligence
Decision-making
Executive function
Arousal
Arousal – physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli.
Sleep
Anesthesia
Coma
Reticular formation
Anatomical structures of the human nervous system by subsystem
= Central nervous system
=Central nervous system
General terms
Meninges
Spinal cord
Gray columns
White substance
Brain
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Telencephalon
Cerebral hemisphere
= Peripheral nervous system
=Peripheral nervous system
General termsi
Cranial nerves
Olfactory nerve
Optic nerve
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Sensory root
Trigeminal ganglion
Ophthalmic nerve
Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve
Supra-orbital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
External nasal nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
Maxillary nerve
Nasopalatine nerve
Pharyngeal nerve
Greater palatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerves
Superior alveolar nerves
Zygomatic nerve
Infra-orbital nerve
Mandibular nerve
Masseteric nerve
Deep temporal nerves
Buccal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
Lingual nerve
Chorda tympani
Sublingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Nerve to mylohyoid
Mental nerve
Abducent nerve
Facial nerve
Posterior auricular nerve
Intermediate nerve
Greater petrosal nerve
Chorda tympani (also in trigeminal? redundancy?)
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Vestibular nerve
Cochlear nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Tympanic nerve
Tympanic plexus
Lesser petrosal nerve
Vagus nerve
Superior laryngeal nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Accessory nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Spinal nerves
Cervical nerves
Suboccipital nerve
Greater occipital nerve
Third occipital nerve
Cervical plexus
Ansa cervicalis
Lesser occipital nerve
Great auricular nerve
Transverse cervical nerve
Supraclavicular nerves
Phrenic nerve
Brachial plexus
Supraclavicular part
Dorsal scapular nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Subclavian nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Subscapular nerves
Lower subscapular nerve
Upper subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Lateral pectoral nerve
Infraclavicular part
Musculocutaneous nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
Axillary nerve
Thoracic nerves
Lumbar nerves
Medial clunial nerves
Sacral nerves and coccygeal nerve
Lumbar plexus
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilio-inguinal nerve
Anterior labial nerves
Anterior scrotal nerves
Genitofemoral nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
Obturator nerve
Accessory obturator nerve
Femoral nerve
Saphenous nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of leg
Lumbosacral trunk
Sacral plexus
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve to piriformis
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Inferior clunial nerves
Perforating cutaneous nerve
Pudendal nerve
Inferior anal nerves
Perineal nerves
Posterior labial nerves
Posterior scrotal nerves
Dorsal nerve of clitoris
Dorsal nerve of penis
Coccygeal nerve
Anococcygeal nerve
Sciatic nerve
Common fibular nerve
Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
Superficial fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Interosseous nerve of leg
Medial sural cutaneous nerve
Sural nerve
Medial plantar nerve
Lateral plantar nerve
Autonomic division (Autonomic nervous system)
Sympathetic part
Sympathetic trunk
Rami communicantes
Superior cervical ganglion
Middle cervical ganglion
Cervicothoracic ganglion (Stellate - should prob. include inferior cerv. ganglion)
Thoracic ganglia
Greater splanchnic nerve
Lesser splanchnic nerve
Least splanchnic nerve
Lumbar ganglia
Lumbar splanchnic nerves
Sacral ganglia
Sacral splanchnic nerves
Ganglion impar
Parasympathetic part
Cranial part
Ciliary ganglion
Short ciliary nerves
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Nerve of pterygoid canal
Submandibular ganglion
Sublingual ganglion
Otic ganglion
Pelvic part
Pelvic ganglia
Parasympathetic root of pelvic ganglia = Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Peripheral autonomic plexuses and ganglia
Craniocervical part
Internal carotid plexus
Thoracic part
Cardiac plexus
Esophageal plexus
Pulmonary plexus
Abdominal part
Celiac plexus
Aorticorenal ganglia
Superior mesenteric plexus
Inferior mesenteric plexus
Pelvic part
Superior hypogastric plexus
Inferior hypogastric plexus
See also
List of regions in the human brain
List of nerves of the human body
Outline of human anatomy
Outline of neuroscience
External links
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Sylvia Earle
- Pintu udara
- Edema paru akibat berenang
- Outline of the human nervous system
- Outline of neuroscience
- List of regions in the human brain
- Outline of biology
- List of nerves of the human body
- List of systems of the human body
- Outline of human anatomy
- Human body
- Outline of the human brain
- List of thalamic nuclei
