• Source: Outline of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic:
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) – partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, is a former Spanish colony. The SADR was proclaimed by the Polisario Front on February 27, 1976, in Bir Lehlou, Western Sahara. The SADR government controls about 20-25% of the territory it claims. It calls the territories under its control the Liberated Territories or the Free Zone. Morocco controls and administers the rest of the disputed territory and calls this area its Southern Provinces. The United Nations and the SADR government considers the Moroccan-controlled territory to be an occupied territory.




General reference


Pronunciation: sə-RAH-wee
Common English country name: Western Sahara
Official English country name: The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Common endonyms
الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية (Arabic) – al-Jumhūrīyya al-ʿArabīyya aṣ-Ṣaḥrāwīyya ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyya
República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (Spanish)
Official endonym(s):
Adjectival(s):
Demonym(s):
Etymology: Name of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
ISO country codes: See the Outline of Western Sahara
ISO region codes: See the Outline of Western Sahara
Internet country code top-level domain: See the Outline of Western Sahara




Geography of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic



Geography of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is: a republic in exile, holding but a small portion of the territory they claim
Location
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is situated within the following regions of the world:
Northern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
Africa
Sahara Desert
North Africa
Western Sahara
Territory claimed: Western Sahara
Territory held: Free Zone
Location of most of the citizens in exile: Sahrawi refugee camps (self-managed camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria)
Time zone: Coordinated Universal Time UTC+00
Atlas of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic




= Environment of Western Sahara

=

Environment of Western Sahara

Climate of Western Sahara
Ecoregions in Western Sahara
Wildlife of Western Sahara
Fauna of Western Sahara
Birds of Western Sahara
Mammals of Western Sahara




= Natural geographic features of Western Sahara

=
Landforms in Western Sahara

Deserts in Western Sahara
Sahara
Glaciers in Western Sahara: none
World Heritage Sites in Western Sahara: None




= Administrative divisions of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

=
Regions of Western Sahara

Free Zone – area that lies between the Moroccan Wall and the border with Algeria.
Sahrawi refugee camps – self-managed camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria
The SADR claims the rest of Western Sahara, but the portion west of the Moroccan Wall is occupied by Morocco.
Provinces of Western Sahara
Districts of Western Sahara



Municipalities of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Capital of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic:
Tifariti – temporary capital and headquarters of the Polisario Front
El Aaiún (de jure) – headquarters of Moroccan occupation, but still considered by the SADR to be its true capital
Towns within the Free Zone, administered by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Tifariti تيفاريتي – temporary capital and headquarters of the Polisario Front
Bir Lehlou بير لحلو former temporary capital
Meharrize محيرس
Zug
Dougaj
Agounit أغوانيت
Mijek (Miyek, ميجك)
For the rest of the cities and towns within Western Sahara claimed by the SADR, see List of cities in Western Sahara




Government and politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic


Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Politics of Western Sahara




= State

=
Polisario
Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro
Western Sahara Authority
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Capital of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic:
Tifariti – temporary provincial capital
El Aaiún – claimed capital of the SADR, occupied by Morocco
Tindouf, Algeria
Bir Lehlou – temporary capital of the SADR




= Elections

=
Elections in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Sahrawi legislative election, 2008
Political parties in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Former members of the Polisario Front




= Branches of the government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

=
Government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic



Executive branch of the government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Head of state: President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Brahim Ghali
Head of government: Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Bucharaya Hamudi Beyun



Legislative branch of the government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Sahrawi National Council



Judicial branch of the government of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Court system of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic




= Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

=
Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

International recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Diplomatic missions in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Diplomatic missions of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Relations with Algeria
Relations with Cuba
Relations with East Timor
Relations with Mexico
Relations with Nigeria
Relations with Panama
Relations with South Africa
Relations with Venezuela



International organization membership

African Union (AU)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)




= Law and order in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

=
Law of Western Sahara

Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Human rights in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
LGBT rights in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Human rights in Western Sahara
Law enforcement in Western Sahara




= Military of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

=
Military of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Command
Commander-in-chief: Secretary General of the Polisario Front
Forces
Army: Sahrawi People's Liberation Army, with 6,000 to 7,000 active troops.
Navy: none
Air Force: none




History of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic



History of Western Sahara

Hanno the Navigator – Carthaginian explorer c. 500 BC, best known for his naval exploration of the African coast.
Sanhaja – a nomadic people who were once one of the largest Berber tribal confederations of the Maghreb region.
Almoravid dynasty – during the 11th century, the Sanhaja tribal confederation allied with the Lamtuna tribe to found the Almoravid dynasty.

Trans-Saharan trade – throughout history, some trade routes crossed this region, particularly to and from the Ghana Empire during the Middle Ages.

Spanish Sahara – name used for the modern territory of Western Sahara when it was ruled as a colonial territory by Spain between 1884 and 1975.
Ifni War – series of armed incursions into Spanish West Africa by Moroccan insurgents and Sahrawi rebels that began in October 1957 and culminated with the abortive siege of Sidi Ifni.
Polisario Front emerges – formally constituted on May 10, 1973 with the express intention of militarily forcing an end to Spanish colonization.
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed – first Secretary General of the Polisario Front.
Green March – strategic mass demonstration in November 1975, coordinated by the Moroccan government, to force Spain to hand over the disputed, autonomous semi-metropolitan Spanish Province of Sahara to Morocco. The demonstration of some 350,000 Moroccans advanced several miles into the Western Sahara territory, escorted by near 100,000 Moroccan troops (camouflaged as civilians and uniformed), and meeting very little response by the Sahrawi Polisario Front.
Madrid Accords – treaty between Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania to end the Spanish presence in the territory of Spanish Sahara, which was until the Madrid Accords' inception a Spanish province and former colony.
Tropas Nómadas – auxiliary regiment to the colonial army in Spanish Sahara composed of Sahrawi tribesmen, equipped with small arms and led by Spanish officers, guarding outposts and sometimes conducting patrols on camelback. Following the Spanish Government's decision to hand over the territory to Morocco and Mauritania towards the end of 1975, numbers of them deserted. Many of the Tropas Nómadas soldiers are believed to have joined Polisario and Spanish-trained fighters formed the core of the Sahrawi People's Liberation Army set up to fight Morocco and Mauritania after the Green March.
1975 United Nations visiting mission to Spanish Sahara – United Nations General Assembly in 1975 dispatched a visiting mission to the territory and the surrounding countries, in accordance with its resolution 3292 (December 13, 1974), to assist in the decolonization process.
Western Sahara conflict – ongoing conflict between the Polisario Front of the Sahrawi people and the state of Morocco. The conflict is the continuation of the past insurgency by Polisario against the Spanish colonial forces in 1973-1975 and the subsequent Western Sahara War between the Polisario and Morocco (1975–1991).
Western Sahara War – armed struggle between the Sahrawi Polisario Front and Morocco between 1975 and 1991, being the most significant phase of the Western Sahara conflict.
Polisario declaration of independence – took place in 1976, establishing the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
Sahrawi refugee camps – set up in the Tindouf Province, Algeria in 1975-76 for Sahrawi refugees fleeing from Moroccan forces. With most refugees still living in the camps, the refugee situation is among the most protracted ones worldwide.
First Battle of Amgala (1976) – Units from the Algerian Army were attacked by units from the Royal Moroccan Armed Forces on the night of 27 January. Algeria claimed their troops were providing food and medical supplies to refugees at Amgala, while Morocco said the Algerian troops were heavily armed and were aiding Polisario.
Settlement Plan – agreement made in 1991 between the Polisario Front and Morocco on the organization of a referendum, which would constitute an expression of self-determination for the people of Western Sahara, leading either to full independence, or integration with the kingdom of Morocco. It resulted in a cease-fire which remains in effect (more or less) to this day.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 690 – adopted unanimously on 29 April 1991, established MINURSO (see below) to implement the Settlement Plan (see above).
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) – UN peacekeeping mission in Western Sahara established in 1991 under United Nations Security Council Resolution 690 as part of the Settlement Plan, which had paved way for a cease-fire in the conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front (as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) over the contested territory of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara).
Independence Intifada – series of disturbances, demonstrations and riots that broke out in May 2005 in the Moroccan-occupied parts of Western Sahara and south of Morocco.
Gdeim Izik protest camp – protest camp in Western Sahara established by a group of Sahrawis on 9 October 2010 and lasting into November, with related incidents occurring in the aftermath of its dismantlement on 8 November. It has been suggested by Noam Chomsky, that the month-long protest encampment at Gdeim Izik constituted the start of the Arab Spring, traditionally considered to be the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia on 17 December 2010.
2011 Western Saharan protests – began on 25 February 2011 as a reaction to the failure of police to prevent anti-Sahrawi looting in the city of Dakhla, Western Sahara, and blossomed into protests across the territory. They were related to the Gdeim Izik protest camp in Western Sahara established the previous fall, which had resulted in violence between Sahrawi activists and Moroccan security forces and supporters.
Former members of the Polisario Front




Demographics of Western Sahara


Demographics of Western Sahara




Culture of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic


Culture of Western Sahara




= National symbols

=
National symbols of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Coat of arms of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
National anthem of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Public holidays in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic




= Culture

=
Languages of Western Sahara
National symbols of Western Sahara
Coat of arms of Western Sahara
Flag of Western Sahara
National anthem of Western Sahara
Public holidays in Western Sahara
Religion in Western Sahara
Christianity in Western Sahara
Hinduism in Western Sahara
Islam in Western Sahara
Sikhism in Western Sahara
World Heritage Sites in Western Sahara: None




= Art in Western Sahara

=
Music of Western Sahara
Sahrauis: The Music of the Western Sahara
Television in Western Sahara




= People of Western Sahara

=



Persons and personalities

Djema'a
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed
James Baker
Ma El Ainin
Marrack Goulding
Mohammed VI of Morocco
Mohamed Abdelaziz
Javier Pérez de Cuéllar




= Sports in Western Sahara

=
Sports in Western Sahara

Football in Western Sahara
Sahrawi Football Federation
Sahrawi national football team
Sahrawi Republic Cup




Economy and infrastructure of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic


Economy of Western Sahara

Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007):
Currency of Western Sahara: Dirham (Imposed in The Occupied Territories under duress and illegal military occupation)
ISO 4217: MAD
In Free Zone and Refugee Camps: Peseta Saharaui (de iure)
ISO 4217: EHP
(de facto) Euro, Franco, Dólar, Uguiya, Dinar
Health in Western Sahara
Transport in Western Sahara
Airports in Western Sahara
Rail transport in Western Sahara
Road transport in Western Sahara




= Communications of SADR

=
Communications in Western Sahara

Sahara Press Service
Internet in Western Sahara
.eh




Education in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic


Education in Western Sahara

Zawiya
Universities in Western Sahara
University of Tifariti




See also



List of international rankings
Outline of Africa
Outline of geography




References






External links


Wikimedia Atlas of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Official SADR web pages
"Official Website of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
Sahara Press Service (SPS) (official SADR press agency)
(in Spanish) RASD TV (official TV channel)
(in Arabic) SADR National Radio (official radio channel)
SADR Oil & Gas 2005 (SADR oil and gas licensing offer)
Overviews
BBC - Country profile: Western Sahara
CIA World Factbook - Western Sahara
News
allAfrica.com - Western Sahara news headline links
The Yahoo! Sahara Update group
Special topics
Western Sahara, Landmine Monitor Report 2003
Mundy, Jacob (October 2004). "Jacob Mundy - "Seized of the Matter". The UN and the Western Sahara Dispute" (PDF). Mediterranean Quarterly. 15 (3): 130–148. doi:10.1215/10474552-15-3-130. On the Baker Plan debate
Western Sahara Project: archaeology and past environmental change in Western Sahara
Association for a Free and Fair Referendum in Western Sahara (ARSO)
Maps
Minurso Deployment as of October 2006, Map No. 3691 Rev. 53 United Nations, October 2006 (Colour), Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Cartographic Section
Others
Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental, a multilingual resource
Moroccan Governmental website
Western Sahara Online (pro-Polisario)--now a search site
Western Sahara Online (pro-Morocco)
Sahara-Update · News from and about Western Sahara
"Western Sahara - A Forgotten Country!" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-18. (99.8 KB)

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Outline of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
• Western Sahara
• Telecommunications in Western Sahara
• Lists of country-related topics
• North Korea
• Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
• List of countries and territories where Spanish is an official language
• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–United States relations
• Southern Provinces