• Source: Paipa-Iza volcanic complex

The Paipa–Iza volcanic complex is a volcanic field of Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene age on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. It is the northernmost volcanic complex of the Andean Volcanic Belt with Fueguino in Tierra del Fuego, Chile, at the opposite end of the Andean mountain belt.
The complex, comprising mainly felsic extrusive volcanic rocks as rhyolites, also is the only confirmed volcanic province in the Eastern Ranges, with traces of probably contemporaneous explosive volcanic activity in the vicinity of Guatavita, Cundinamarca.
The Paipa-Iza volcanic field is important as a touristic site with thermal baths in both Paipa and Iza and is being studied for the potential of geothermal energy production and for the extraction of uranium in the area.




Etymology


The names Paipa and Iza originate in Muysccubun, the language of the indigenous Muisca, who inhabited the Altiplano Cundiboyacense before the Spanish conquest. Paipa was the name of a cacique who served under cacique Tundama of Duitama and Iza means "place of healing".




Geography



The Paipa–Iza volcanic complex is located in the northern part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at altitudes between 2,500 and 2,770 metres (8,200 and 9,090 ft). The northwestern part of the complex is situated in the municipality Paipa and the southeastern part in Iza, both belonging to the department of Boyacá.




= Climate

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Paipa–Iza volcanic complex



The complex was active from the late Pliocene, around 2.7 Ma, until the earliest Pleistocene, around 2.3 Ma.
The complex at Iza consists of two domes; Domo Holcim with 0.67 square kilometres (7,200,000 sq ft) and Domo Los Sauces 0.12 square kilometres (30 acres) in size. They consist of porphyritic rhyolites with sanidine and plagioclase as dominant mineral groups and abundant xenoliths of sedimentary rock and in minor quantities volcanic or metamorphic fragments. The overall rock composition is very felsic and comprises biotites and amphiboles as opaque minerals.




Geothermal energy


The complex is studied for the potential of geothermal energy production.




Resources


The complex is studied for the potential of uranium mining.




Regional geology






= Cretaceous

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See also


List of volcanoes in Colombia
Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Bogotá savanna




References






= Bibliography

=



Geology

Jaramillo, José M; Rojas Linero, Pilar; Garver, John I. (2005), Pliocene volcanism in the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, 6th International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics (ISAG 2005, Barcelona), pp. 411–412, ISBN 978-2-7099-1575-5, retrieved 2017-02-25
Monsalve, Maria Luisa; Rojas, Nadia R.; Velandia P., Francisco A.; Pintor, Iraida; Martínez, Lina Fernanda (2011), "Caracterización geológica del cuerpo volcánico de Iza, Boyacá - Colombia" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, 33: 117–130, retrieved 2017-02-25
Romero, Fernando H; Rincón, Marco A. (1990), "Características Petrográficas y Geoquímicas de las Rocas Volcánicas de Iza (Departamento de Boyacá, Colombia)" (PDF), Geologia Colombiana, 17: 159–168, retrieved 2017-02-25
Vesga G., Ana María; Jaramillo, José M. (2009), "Geoquímica del domo volcánico en el municipio de Iza, Departamento de Boyacá; interpretación geodinámica y comparación con el vulcanismo neógeno de la Cordillera Oriental" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, 31: 97–108, retrieved 2017-02-25



Geothermal

Alfaro, Claudia; Velandia, Francisco; Cepeda, Hector; Pardo, Natalia (2010), Preliminary Conceptual Model of the Paipa Geothermal System, Colombia (PDF), Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali, Indonesia, 25–29 April 2010, pp. 1–7, retrieved 2017-02-25
Mejía, Eliana; Rayo, Lorena; Méndez, Javier; Echeverri, Julián (2014), Geothermal development in Colombia (PDF), Short Course VI on Utilization of Low- and Medium-Enthalpy Geothermal Resources and Financial Aspects of Utilization, pp. 1–7, retrieved 2017-02-25
Moyano, Ismael; Vallejo, Edwin (2015), Contribution to the Knowledge of the Paipa Geothermal System by the Application of the Magnetotelluric Method (PDF), Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia, 19–25 April 2015, pp. 1–6, retrieved 2017-02-25



Resources

González Oviedo, L (2009a), Uranium exploration in Paipa and Iza area (Colombia), preliminary report of new contributions (PDF), Uranium Raw Material for the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Exploration, Mining, Production, Supply and Demand, Economics and Environmental Issues (URAM-2009). Proceedings of an International Symposium, pp. 96–106, retrieved 2017-02-25
González Oviedo, L (2009b), Uranium exploration in Paipa and Iza area (Colombia), new contributions (preliminary report) (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–36, retrieved 2017-02-25



Maps

Renzoni, Giancarlo; Rosas, Humberto (2009), Plancha 171 - Duitama - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
Renzoni, Giancarlo; Rosas, Humberto; Etayo Serna, Fernando (1998), Plancha 191 - Tunja - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
Velandia, Francisco; Cepeda, Héctor (2005), Planchas 171 & 191 - Geología sector del sur del municipio de Paipa (Boyacá) - 1:25,000, INGEOMINAS




External links


Volcanoes in the Eastern Ranges - Masmuisca.com

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Paipa-Iza volcanic complex
• El Totumo
• Nevado del Ruiz
• Armero tragedy
• Galeras
• Providencia Island, Colombia
• Andean Volcanic Belt
• Cerro Machín
• Altiplano Cundiboyacense
• Altiplano–Puna volcanic complex