• Source: Papilio palinurus

Papilio palinurus, the emerald swallowtail, emerald peacock, or green-banded peacock, is a butterfly of the genus Papilio of the family Papilionidae. It is native to Southeast Asia, but is regularly kept in butterfly houses around the world.




Subspecies


There are several subspecies (from Burma, Borneo, Indonesia, Nias and the Philippines).

P. p. palinurus – Burma, Malaysia Borneo
P. p. auffenbergi Späth, 1992 – Simeulue, Indonesia
P. p. nymphodorus (Fruhstorfer) – Island of Basilan
P. p. adventus (Fruhstorfer) – Island of Nias
P. p. daedalus (C. & R. Felder, 1861) – Philippines
P. p. angustatus (Staudinger, 1888) – Island of Palawan, Philippines




Etymology


The genus name Papilio comes from the Latin word papilio meaning butterfly. The species name palinurus derives from Palinurus, the name of the pilot of Aeneas's boat in Virgil's Aeneid.




Description


Papilio palinurus has a wingspan reaching about 8–10 centimetres (3.1–3.9 in). The dorsal sides of the wings are covered by a powder of green scales and the background vary from dark greenish to black, with broad bright emerald green metallic bands. The undersides are black with orange, white and blue spots along the edges of hindwings, that show extended tails at the end.
The flight of these butterflies is swift and quite fast. Caterpillars feed on plants of genus Euodia belonging to the Rutaceae, commonly known as the rue or citrus family.




Green by structural coloration



The iridescent green sheen of the bands of this butterfly is not produced by pigments, but is structural coloration produced by the microstructure of the wing scales. They refract the light and give rise to blue and yellow visible reflections, producing the perception of green color when additively mixed.




Distribution


This species can be found primarily in Southeast Asia, particularly in Burma – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Indonesia (Simeulue, Island of Nias), Philippines (Basilan, Palawan, Balabac, Cuyo, Busuanga, and Dumaran).




Habitat


Papilio palinurus lives in Asian primary forests.




Gallery























References






Further reading


Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach (1998). Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the World Part I (1), Papilionidae Papilionidae I: Papilio, Subgenus Achillides, Bhutanitis, Teinopalpus. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach. Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books ISBN 9783931374624
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Funet.fi




External links



Encyclopedia of Life
Cambridge Butterfly Conservatory

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Papilio palinurus
• Papilio
• Papilio buddha
• Structural coloration
• Papilio crino
• Animal coloration
• Papilio blumei
• Achillides
• List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)
• List of butterflies of the Philippines